Contenu du sommaire : Les dynamiques de soin transnationales
Revue | Recherches Sociologiques et Anthropologiques |
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Numéro | vol. 41, no 1, 2010 |
Titre du numéro | Les dynamiques de soin transnationales |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Présentation - Laura Merla, Loretta Baldassar p. 1-14
- Ce “sentiment de culpabilité” - Loretta Baldassar p. 15-37 Cet article explore l'expérience de la “culpabilité” en tant qu'émotion jouant un rôle moteur dans les obligations réciproques de soin dans les relations familiales transnationales. Je pose l'hypothèse qu'en créant une séparation physique, une absence et un sentiment de manque, l'acte migratoire pousse les migrants à se sentir coupables de ne pas remplir l'obligation morale de coprésence. Les migrants se sentent souvent coupables de ne pas être présents pour s'occuper de leurs parents âgés ; les parents se sentent souvent coupables de ne pas participer à la vie de leurs enfants et de leurs petits-enfants. Ce “sentiment de culpabilité” les encourage à “rester en contact” aussi souvent et effectivement que possible en créant des occasions leur permettant d'échanger coprésence et don de soi. En renforçant les relations, en exerçant une influence sur autrui, et en allégeant les inégalités relationnelles, la culpabilité peut servir au final à renforcer et maintenir les relations de soin transnationales. Cependant, dans les relations transnationales où les devoirs sont trop lourds pour être remplis, les individus peuvent se désengager du soin afin d'éviter des sentiments de culpabilité accablants et fragilisants.This paper explores the experience of “guilt” as a motivating emotion in reciprocal obligations to care in transnational kinship relations. My hypothesis is that the act of migration, by causing physical separation, absence and longing, causes migrants to feel guilty about their moral obligations to be co-present. For instance, migrants often feel guilty about not being present to look after ageing parents; similarly, parents often feel guilty about not participating in the lives of their children and especially grandchildren. This “guilty feeling” motivates them to “stay in touch” as often and as effectively as they can by creating opportunities in which they can exchange co-presence and share the gift of self. By strengthening relationship, by exerting influence over others, and as a mechanism for alleviating inequities in relationships, guilty may serve to strengthen and maintain transnational caregiving relationships. However, in transnational relationships where obligations are too great to be readily met, individuals may withdraw their caregiving in order to avoid overwhelming and debilitating feelings of guilt.
- La gestion des émotions dans le cadre du devoir filial - Laura Merla p. 39-58 Cet article explore la dimension émotionnelle du devoir filial dans un contexte transnational. Cette dimension émotionnelle renvoie ici au travail de gestion des émotions, c'est-à-dire les compétences et les efforts nécessaires pour gérer les émotions personnelles ainsi que celles des autres dans la sphère privée. Le travail de gestion des émotions est une dimension importante des pratiques de soin transnationales dans lesquelles les migrants salvadoriens installés à Perth, en Australie occidentale, s'engagent afin de remplir leurs obligations envers leurs parents âgés, demeurés dans leur pays d'origine. Il vise non seulement à améliorer le bien-être des parents âgés, mais également à gérer des événements présents ou futurs que l'éloignement rend particulièrement pénibles, comme la maladie ou le décès d'un parent. L'enjeu consiste, pour le migrant, à réaffirmer son identité de “bon” fils / “bonne” fille qui tente de remplir au mieux ses devoirs envers ses parents malgré la distance.This article explores the emotional dimension of filial dutyin a trans-national context. The emotional dimension here refers to the task of managing emotions, meaning the competencies and efforts needed in managing one's own emotions as well as those of others in the private sphere. The task of managing emotions is an important dimension in the trans-national care practices that Salvadorian migrants living in Perth, in Western Australia, commit themselves to in order to fulfil their obligations towards their aged parents, remaining in their country of origin. Their task is aimed not only at improving the well being of aged parents, but also at managing events present or future which their remoteness makes particularly painful, like illness or the death of a relative. For the migrant, what is at stake consists in reaffirming his/her identity as a “good” son / “good” daughter who tries as much as possible to fulfil his/her duties towards his/her parents despite the distance.
- Iron Curtains ? - Maria Vlček p. 59-81 This paper explores the emotional and multi-sensorial dimensions of care within a transnational family separated by the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. It will argue that processes of supportive and compassionate engagement amongst transnational kin are not only shaped by long-distance communication, financial support and practical help within specific political and economic contexts, but also by personal desires and interpersonal conflict. The dialectics of proximity and distance are explored through a focus on uses of communication technology, emotional interaction during visits, long-distance engagement through distinct sensorial experiences, and imaginary interaction through the dynamics of internalised presence. The auto/biographical analysis is mainly based on letters, faxes, diaries, interviews and personal memories.
- Internationalisation and Equality - Louise Ackers p. 83-103 This paper examines the “tension” in the debate around human resources in science between the promotion of internationalisation and mobility, on the one hand, and the promotion of equality and work-life balance, on the other. In an attempt to move away from the current polarity of mobility-immobility and understand the importance of viewing mobility as a continuum, the paper emphasises the contribution of new forms of mobility and particularly of short stays to the internationalisation process that has become so critical to career progression. It illustrates the specific opportunities that certain forms of short-stay mobility present both in terms of optimizing knowledge exchange processes and “internationalisation” but also to “potentially mobile” women and men with personal and caring obligations. Attention to the “far end” of the continuum draws attention to the role that “business visits” and on-going “travel” play in career enhancement. Migration research has rather neglected these forms of movement. Recent research on business travel would suggest that these forms of movement are highly gendered and present unique challenges to people with personal and caring responsibilities.
- Intimacy, Distance Relationships and Emotional Care - Mary Holmes p. 105-123 The social changes surrounding individualisation and globalization impact upon our emotional and intimate lives. Geographical mobility is especially significant and its effects on relationships much debated. Distance relationships are one example of how people respond to such changes. This paper is based on an ESRC funded qualitative study of couples in distance relationships. The argument is that such forms of loving are not all about self-satisfaction, although they may prompt reflexivity about how to connect and how to care. They illustrate that embodiment must still be attended to, but may also help in rethinking care as about mutual interdependence. Practical caring is difficult within contexts of individualisation and of increased (often global) mobility, but more abstract forms of mutual emotional support take on importance.
Varia
- Le marketing au concret - Gérald Gaglio p. 125-141 Le terme “marketing” suscite généralement la méfiance, car il est spontanément associé à l'idée de manipulation. Au-delà, que font, concrètement, les “gens du marketing” ? Afin d'apporter des pistes de réponse à cette question, nous nous penchons dans cet article sur les enjeux relatifs à un matériau censé alimenter les réflexions et décisions des marketeurs : les études qualitatives de marketing research réalisées dans le cadre de réunions de consommateurs. Cette approche nous conduit à explorer les relations existant entre les chargés d'études marketing internes en grandes entreprises (CEI) et leurs commanditaires issus de services de marketing. Plus précisément, nous étudions la professionnalité des CEI et les ramifications du drame social de leur travail, ce dernier étant conditionné par un rapport asymétrique avec leurs commanditaires. À partir de l'examen de cette tension dynamique, révélatrice des relations entre ces deux groupes professionnels, nous décrivons un volet de l'exercice réel du marketing en milieu organisé. Nos analyses, qui selon nous, peuvent être généralisées à d'autres catégories professionnelles, se basent sur une observation participante menée chez un opérateur de téléphonie mobile français et sur une campagne d'entretiens semi-directifs.The term “marketing” generally arouses mistrust, for it is immediately associated with the idea of manipulation. But, beyond that, what, concretely, do “people in marketing” do ? In order to provide some leads to answering this question, in this article we concentrate on the issues involved in material supposed to nourish the marketers' reflections and decision-making : qualitative marketing research studies, carried out in the context of consumer meetings. This approach leads us to explore the relationships existing between internal marketing studies experts in large companies and their backers from marketing services. More precisely, we study the professionalism of the responsible and the ramifications of the social drama of their work, the latter being conditioned by an asymmetrical relationship with their backers. Beginning with an examination of this dynamic tension, revealing the relationships between these two professional groups, we describe a chapter in the real exercise of marketing in an organized milieu. Our analyzes, which, in our view, can be generalized to other professional categories, are based on a participatory observation carried out in a French mobile telephone company and on a campaign of semi-directed interviews.
- La mémoire de l'immigration comme politique sociale ? - Gilles Frigoli p. 143-156 Cet article porte sur les tensions que provoque, dans une petite ville touristique de l'arrière-pays azuréen, l'entreprise mémorielle dans laquelle s'est lancée une association désireuse d'établir et de publiciser une histoire de l'immigration locale en provenance des pays du Maghreb. L'enquête montre ce que ces tensions doivent à l'entrechoquement de trois mémoires : celle qui célèbre le passé patrimonial d'une localité qui trouve là une ressource dans la fabrication d'une image touristique fondée sur l' “authenticité” ; celle de ces “immigrés” vençois dont la contribution à l'histoire de la ville n'a jamais été publiquement reconnue ; celle de l'association elle-même qui, à cette occasion, se trouve confrontée à son propre passé d'association militante devenue au fil du temps un partenaire des autorités dans la mise en œuvre des politiques sociales.This article deals with the tensions provoked, in a small tourist-oriented city of the French Riviera back country, by a memorial project undertaken by an association seeking to establish and publicize a history of local immigration from countries of the Maghreb. The investigation shows what these tensions owe to the clash of three sources of remembrance : one celebrating the patrimonial past of a locality finding therein a resource for fabricating a touristic image founded on “authenticity” ; another, that of the Vence “immigrants”, whose contribution to the city's history has never been publicly recognized ; and, finally, that of the association itself which, on this occasion, is confronted with its own past as a militant association, having become over time a partner of local authorities in the implementation of social policies.
- Le marketing au concret - Gérald Gaglio p. 125-141
Lecture critique
- Un anthropologue en ville, sinon la (re)naissance de l'anthropologie urbaine ? - Mike Singleton p. 157-163
À propos de livres
- Arseniev Vladimir, Dersou Ouzala - Yves Laberge p. 166-167
- Barrère-Maurisson Marie-Agnès, Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle, Concilier travail et famille. Le rôle des acteurs. France-Québec - Magali Ballatore p. 167-168
- Cook Maria Lorena, The Politics of Labour Reforms in Latin America. Between Flexibility and Rights - Jean-Luc Metzger p. 169-171
- Crafts Hannah, Autobiographie d'une esclave - Yves Laberge p. 171-172
- Drancourt Chantal Nicole, Dir., Conciliation travail/famille : attention travaux - Magali Ballatore p. 173-175
- Marquet Jacques, Janssen Christophe, (Dir.), @mours virtuelles. Conjugalité et internet - Gregory Dhen p. 175-177
- Mazzocchetti Jacinthe, (Dir.), Le travail social en question. Entre utopie et sombre conscience - Samuel Hubaux p. 177-179
- Sécolier Pierre, Pratiques professionnelles, enjeux territoriaux et changement social. L'évolution et la mutation des petits métiers de l'étang de Thau - Régis Malige p. 179-181
- Small Mario Luis, Unanticipated Gains. Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life - Xavier Leloup p. 181-182
Doctorats
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