Contenu du sommaire : Emploi et chômage. Taïwan. Alger

Abstract. - The statutary and structural changes of the work leed to an encreasing abolition of the unemployement limits. It needs vocabulary, statistic and spatial clarifications with a different scale geographic approach.

Abstract. - Unemployment rate is a necessary but not sufficient indicator expressing the spatial dimension of social and economic difficulties (precarious- ness, poverty, exclusion). By introducing an indicator turning on marginality global concept, we try to make keener the social reading of French space. Through a study on national and regional scales, we suggest a geography much closer to social realities and qualifying the traditional oppositions between Paris/Provinces, Town/Country or Littoral/Hinterland. In this way, the indicator of marginality contributes to the understanding of social disparities which punctuate the territory.

Abstract. - The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion.

Abstract. - The Caen agglomeration, with 200,000 inhabitants at the 1999 Census, provides an exemplary illustration of the economic changes affecting medium-sized french towns. The significant increase in both the number and role of women in the workforce constitutes one of these major changes. If judged by career aspirations as well as the form taken by this integration within the local economy of young women in Caen, this change, which continues today, should further reduce the differences between men and women with regard to employment. However, inequalities remain, as witnessed by the range of jobs undertaken, the disparities in unemployment, as well as marginalisation in respect of the employa- bility of many women from less favoured social backgrounds.

Abstract. - This paper examines the relationship between urban space, social policies and the living conditions of marginalized people in the Downtown Eastside, the most deprived area in Vancouver, Canada. The conjunction between the dynamics of urban space, the restructuring of the Welfare State (moving toward a Workfare State) and a change in patterns of social exclusion (especially drug addiction) tends to reinforce the marginalization of a part of the population. However, such people though out of work are able to develop some skills, but not enough to compete on the job market. The present community action in various fields (health, economic development, housing) does not succeed in meeting the needs because of a lack of political commitment at a broader societal level to tackling these issues.

Abstract. - A high endogenous industrialization began from the 70' in the rich plains around Taichung and Tainan. This creates an intermediary state between the metropolitan and agricultural areas. The plains have kept a high labor industry, subcontracting to USA and EU, who gave in quality and who went from OEM to ODM system. In a clothes and miscellenous items background, there are specialized districts as for footwear and bicycles. This industrialization without break has kept a dense population and has enhanced the set up of a hierarchized urban network.

Abstract. - Urban transportation in Algiers have not been able to follow the even rhythmizes evolution that the urbanization, which has not ceased to proliferate, under the double effect of the densification and the extension. Thereby, the urban policy of Algiers has been marked since the independence by a succession of town planning plans, yet that none is really applied. The planning of transportation has been processed of sectorial manner, what ends to proposals not coherent with those led in others sectors (habitations, job, great equipment, land reserves).