Contenu du sommaire : Quelle contre-radicalisation ?

Authorities and researchers disagree on the terms to be used in regard to radicalization, its definition as a product of Islam, a forced recruitment or a voluntary commitment, and the posture to be adopted in the face of the ideology that leads to violence. The reasoning must also consider the context of national trauma, the recruiters' plural approach, and the obsolescence of early warning indicators in order to evaluate children, “returnees” from Syria and current convicts.

Confident in the vigilance of the State, the former anti-terrorist judge explains the lack of adaptation of the police force and judiciary in times of attacks. However, he regrets the impossibility of thorough preliminary investigations into current detainees prior to their detention, and the absence of a criminal law providing for a period of follow-up at the end of the sentence, which would allow to monitor their level of dangerousness and their reintegration capacity.

Their two sons, who left to join jihadist groups in Syria, died there in “martyrs”. The dialogue between these two mothers, indirect victims with different profiles, raises recruitment processes, the disarray of relatives, the respective responsibilities of their children, Western authorities and societies. Founders of nonprofit organizations helping the families of radicalized youth, they advocate for prevention and reintegration on a case by case basis.

Coerced by both their radicalized parents or kidnapped by one of them, directly indoctrinated by the IS or born there, how can one assess the traumas repatriated children experienced and their degree of indoctrination ? What support must then be applied to them ? What part can institutions, professionals, foster and extended families play in the renationalization and reaffiliation of these children and adolescents ?

Although there is no such thing as a typical radicalized, as they come from all social backgrounds, origins and cultures, they have yet one thing in common : their youth. Possible psychological disorders related to ordinary teenage issues, and some cases of family hold can facilitate radical recruitment. The aim is to help the young person and his relatives overcome internal and external conflicts other than by the violence Daesh offers.

As much as public policies of disengagement treatment, the issue of primary prevention is crucial and represents a fundamental strategy to fight all forms of extremism and radicalization. In order to satisfy universal human needs and ideals of future young recruits, the resources of positive psychology offer a protective alternative to the methods of “jihadist” recruiters.

The territorial defeats of the Islamic State organization have an inevitable impact on its communication strategy. Daesh's power of attack on the Internet and social networks is changing, developing a complex, sophisticated and ultra-targeted arsenal of media tools to circumvent measures against the apology of terrorism, continue spreading its ideology and recruit new supporters through new discursive and visual genres.

The defense specialist addresses without waffle the issues currently under debate, including the flaws in the prevention of jihadism, the difficulty of detecting those switching from Salafism, “exportable version of Saudi Wahhabism”, to violence, the dismantling of dormant support networks, the necessary adaptation of French law, the judgment of French jihadists in Iraq and the French diplomatic position at the end of the war in Syria.