Contenu du sommaire

WHY IS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGHER IN FRANCE THAN IN GERMANY ? - THE POLITICAL ECONOMICS OF AN ECONOMIC CITIZENSHIP. The rate of European youth unemployment has soared since the beginning of the economic crisis. However, there is important cross-national variation in that regard : youth unemployment is rather high in France, while it remains relatively low in Germany. How can we explain the differences in youth unemployment between these two countries ? In this article, we use an approach based on comparative political economics to highlight the importance of various public policies. More precisely, we illustrate that the educational and employment policies implemented in the two countries reveal two different strategies. In Germany, an inclusive strategy is deployed to invest in skill building so that young people can access employment. In France, however, a selective strategy is used which produces high skill inequalities, with a higher share of young people consequently experiencing difficulties in the labour market.

RATIONALIZING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES IN MULTI-PROFESSIONAL HEALTHCARE HOMES - THE PARADOX OF PRIVATE PRACTICE UNDER GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRAINT. This article looks at a new public policy instrument that seeks to rationalize the practices of private healthcare professionals working in the primary care sector in France and more specifically in maisons de santé pluri-professionnelles (MSPs). It will examine the effect of this policy instrument on professional autonomy and private practice in the healthcare field. By conducting a qualitative study of six multi-professional healthcare homes, this article will demonstrate that private healthcare professionals have managed to appropriate the policy instrument in question, while managing to preserve their existing practices ; at times, they have even developed new forms of working that had not been envisioned by government authorities. This process has in fact led to strengthening the interdependent relationship between private professionals and public authorities. On the one hand, public authorities accept this form of appropriation by private professionals, given that they depend on the latter's support to ensure the successful development of multi-professional healthcare homes. On the other, private professionals consent to being accountable to public authorities, since they need the recognition of the latter to safeguard the continuity of their practices. As a result, we witness the emergence of what we refer to as a new private practice under governmental constraint.

FREE SOFTWARE TO TACKLE THE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY IN THE SOCIAL TAX SYSTEM - SOCIOLOGY OF A HETEROGENEOUS MOVEMENT AT THE MARGINS OF THE STATE. This article documents a project that aims to render all the opaque and elusive public information that constitutes our social tax system accessible to all, through common digital software. In relation to the existing literature, we show how it was necessary to carry out technical, cognitive and institutional work in order to develop this free software. A number of issues were encountered during the process, which we have categorized. We conclude with the hypothesis that Openfisca represents an original institutional experiment, led by political hackers at the margins of the administration, on a particular mode of existence of the State vis-à-vis common digital platforms.

Collectif d'enquête sur les Gilets jaunes - IN SITU SURVEY INQUIRY OF AN ONGOING MOVEMENT. A STUDY ON THE YELLOW VESTS. This research note comes from a collective inquiry based on a face-to-face survey conducted in situ between November 2018 and March 2019, during the Yellow Vest movement. It focuses on three areas : the methodological challenges linked to survey research in social movements ; the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and, lastly, their engagement and demands in relation to politics. The Yellow Vest movement has mobilized certain segments of lower- and middle-income groups. As a social movement, it also brings together people with very different levels of prior experience in political activism. We also show the existence of different social and political profiles according to the place and time at which interviewees were involved in the movement.