Contenu du sommaire : L'européanisation des administrations : nouvelles missions, nouveaux partenaires

L'européanisation des administrations : nouvelles missions, nouveaux partenaires

• Les administrations doivent faire face à l'élargissement et à l'approfondissement de l'intégration européenne - avec ou sans traité constitutionnel - M. Jacques Ziller, Professeur à l'Institut universitaire européen de Florence p. 213
  Administrations Need to Face Enlargement and Deepening European Integration — Whith or Without a Constitutional Treaty. Europeanisation of administrations can be defined as the sum of internal administrative changes that are the direct or indirect consequence of a member state's participation in the EC and EU. These include changes in the administration's institutional structure and organisation chart, in its procedures and routines, its organisational culture and how it perceives its role. Although Europeanisation of national administrations is not a new phenomenon, it is developing along new lines. First of all, Europeanisation hits new fields of public action by new methods. Secondly, the changes under way are qualitative : the latest enlargement welcomed, among others, eight new Member States which over the past half century had been governed by an administration under the rule of a single or dominant party; nine of them are small countries, both as regards size and population.

• L'Européanisation de nouveaux secteurs administratifs

  • Décentralisation européenne et déconcentration nationale : les modalités d'européanisation des services territoriaux de l'Etat - Mme Valérie MICHEL, Professeur de droit public à l'Université Robert Schuman - Strasbourg III p. 219
    European Decentralisation and National Deconcentration : The Modes of Europeanisation of the Government's Territorial Services. European integration has consequences on national legal systems, and therefore affects the prefects, since they represent the state on the local level. The treaty establishing a European Constitution illustrates a further step in the involvement of prefectoral institutions. Although it does not radically change what exists at present, the text goes more deeply into European competencies in such a way that areas up to now governed by prefects according to only national rules and regulations will in future be subject to Community requirements which prefects will have to take into account. Moreover, the fact that certain European policies defined in earlier treaties have been maintained and clarified confirms the importance of the prefectoral relay in the implementation of important policies (laws concerning foreigners, economic and social cohesion policy). However, although the treaty establishing a Constitution will bring about changes in prefects'traditional involvements, changes in internal law are likely to modify the extent of such changes.
  • La coopération judiciaire civile en action - comment les acteurs nationaux s'adaptent à l'approfondissement de l'intégration - Mme Eva Storskrubb, Avocate, Assistante à l'Université d'Helsinki, chercheur p. 229
    Civil Judicial Cooperation in Action — How National Actors are Adapting to Deepening Integration. In order to deal with the dispersal of European rules and regulations in matters concerning civil procedures, trans-border cooperation procedures have gradually been put in place. The “Service Regulation”, which came into force in May 2001, and the European Judicial Network play an essential role. These mechanisms, implemented by very diverse national and local European actors, introduce an original form of governance.
  • Les implications du processus de Bologne dans le paysage universitaire français - Mme Nicole Belloubet-Frier, Professeur de droit public, ancienne rectrice de l'académie de Toulouse p. 241
    Consequences of the Bologna Process on the French University Landscape. In Bologna, on June 19 1999,29 European ministers responsible for higher education signed a common statement on higher education in the European area. Its aim was to ensure greater compatibility and comparability between the various higher education systems by the year 2010. This Bologna process has a unique administrative-political significance, as its development is outside classical norm-building processes : an ongoing process, it in fact gives actors a certain freedom to act beyond what the simple reading of European or national legal texts might suggest. However, its evolution raises questions as to its aims and underlying values (does harmonisation mean merchandisation ?), and also on the ways and regulatory means by which the state exercises its power of oversight.
  • Les dynamiques de changement - comparaison des autorités de régulation indépendantes des pays baltes avec celles des anciens Etats membres - Mmes L. Holm PEDERSEN, Prof. associé au départ. de Science Po Univ. Copenhague, E. Moll SORENSEN p. 253
    Dynamics of Administrative Change ? Comparing Independent Regulation Authorities in the New Member States with those of the “Old”Member States. The emergence of Independent Regulation Authorities (IRAs) is a relatively recent phenomenon, well known in political science. In an original presentation based on electricity supply, the authors show that the IRAs of the various EU Member States have more independence and competencies in countries where significant proof is required of having opted for the liberalisation of the market. In addition, this study weakens the traditional hypothesis according to which the new Member States tend to be in stricter conformity with IRA principles than the other countries.

• L'impact de l'élargissement sur les administrations nationales

  • L'adaptation des structures centrales dans les nouveaux Etats membres - réponses aux exigences horizontales et sectorielles - Mme Stefanie TRAGL, Assistante, Chaire de science politique, adminis. publique et organisation p. 269
    Europeanisation of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe — Responses to Horizontal and Sectoral Requirements. Despite the fact that there are as yet no acquis communautaire, demands made on administrations by European integration are both explicit and implicit. The author first examines changes that have been made in the organisational structures of the main institutions of executive power, and secondly, the sectoral aspect of these changes. The aim is to analyse the difference in rationales adopted between the successive adhesion processes. The study shows that in certain cases, European integration has played a decisive role in the piloting and rapid implementation of administrative reform within the EU.
  • La tribu eurocratique - une source de conflits au sein de l'administration publique dans les nouveaux Etats membres - M. Karoly Mike, Doctorant en économie à l'Université Corvinus de Budapest p. 281
    The Eurocratic Tribe. A Source of Conflict in Public Administration in the New Member States. The EU bureaucracy was set up to ensure the implementation of common policies and to coordinate the policies of Member States. But the activities for which it is responsible may impinge on the field of action of strictly national administrations. The author shows that there are similarities between the situation and behaviour of eurocrats within the administrations of Member States and those of a “tribe” within a large, hierarchised organisation. He asserts that the establishment of a national eurocracy is essential because it alone is competent to deal with the Commission and the other EU countries on European subjects.
  • L'"européanisation" de l'administration publique maltaise : image inversée, laboratoire ou paradigme ? - M. Edward WARRINGTON, Directeur de l'Institut d'administration publique et de management p. 293
    The “Europeanisation” of Maltese Public Administration : Mirror-Image, Laboratory or Paradigm ? Malta's adhesion to the European Union has raised a number of internal issues, crystallising around three points : Malta's place in European institutions, the competencies of its government, and its administrative capacity. The different effects of European integration on all three, the administration in particular, make Malta a paradigm of the micro-state confronted with European integration.

• Etudes

  • La régulation de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni - de la flexibilité administrative à la juridification - M. Ben MORRIS, Conseiller juridique au Comité des affaires intérieures de la Chambre des Communes p. 309
    `titreb
    Competition Regulation in the United Kingdom : the Move from Administrative Flexibility to Juridification `/titreb Although the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), the main institution in charge of competition regulation, has remained the same, in the past ten years the United Kingdom has known two completely different, if not opposed types of regulation. Before 1998, competition was subjected to the same kind of regulation as that which existed in other areas : informal, non-legal, relying mainly on negotiation and persuasion and using the threat of prosecution as a negotiating argument. However, since 1998, the introduction of Community law into the UK system has radically changed the mode of competition regulation. It has become much less flexible and is now characterised by considerable juridification : law plays a central role in regulation, providing a formal framework in which law suits and appeals are common procedures.
  • Les autorités allemandes de surveillance et de régulation, gardiennes de la concurrence - M. Hans LÜHMANN, Chargé de cours à la Faculté de droit de l'Université Humboldt de Berlin p. 323
    German Surveillance and Regulation Authorities, Guardians of Competition Regulation. Over the past ten years, competition regulation in Germany has undergone considerable transformation. The reform known as “sectorialisation” has introduced important changes in the system of competition authorities. Previously limited to banks, insurance and securities, competition control has been extended to telecommunications, the post office, railroads, and even broadcasting. The author examines this transformation, noting the legal aspects, the issues involved and problems raised. He then discusses it in the context of Europe and the gradual harmonising of the situations existing today in each of the Member States.

• Chroniques

  • Chronique de l'administration - Bénédicte DELAUNAY, Michel LE CLAINCHE, Hervé RIHAL et Luc ROUBAN p. 335
  • Chronique du secteur public économique - André G. DELION et Michel DURUPTY p. 347
  • Informations bibliographiques - Coordonnées par Sandra DÉTRIE-LAVROFF p. 357