Contenu du sommaire : Trajectoires latino-américaines

Trajectoires latino-américaines

• Présentation. - Pierre Salama

• Regards sur Cuba

  - Sous la direction de Rémy Herrera
  • Cuba : la croisée des chemins. - Isaac Johsua
    Cuban Crossroads. This article is devoted to the recent evolution of the Cuban economy. It describes the violent drop in activity following the collapse of the USSR and presents reforms introduced during the first-half of the 90s. It then exposes the following (incomplete) redressing and underlines the price that had to be paid to obtain as much. After interrogations on the perennial span of the « special period », the author concludes on the racecourse manifestly engaged in Cuba, as characterised by the negative windfalls of the new model on one hand, and the positive consequences stimulated by economic growth, on the other.
  • La contrainte extérieure cubaine. - Rémy Herrera, Isaac Johsua
    Cuba : The external constraint. After recalling the importance of the external constraint weighing on the Cuban economy and the ancient roots of dependence vis-à-vis the exterior, the article describes the strategy of development envisaged after the revolution and underlines the impact of the embargo imposed on the island by the United States. The essential role played by the restriction of imports during the crisis of the 90s is then referred to. The authors conclude by an analysis of the current account situation and show a positive evolution, which might forebear a veritable turnabout.
  • La dollarisation cubaine : éléments de réflexion pour une dé-dollarisation. - Rémy Herrera, Paulo Nakatani
    The dollar-Cuba : Elements of reflection for a dollar-disengagement. This article first proposes to the reader a historical perspective explaining how today's conversion of Cuba into a dollar economy differs from that of the pre- revolutionary period. Secondly, it analyses the causes and mechanisms of the current dollar-conversion, accompanied by an assessment of its economic and social consequences. Thirdly, it examines the terms of the related debate as engaged both within and outside Cuba, as well as the rare but stimulating scenarios of dollar disengagement for Cuba.
  • Le fonctionnement de l'économie de plantation esclavagiste à Cuba (1790-1868). - Yann Moulier Boutang
    The functioning of the slave-plantation economy in Cuba (1790-1868). Releasing the Cuban economy from the sugarcane hypertrophy has proven a crucial and recurrent problem for Cuba. Tracing the running of the slave economy from 1790 to 1870, as corresponds to the period of the cane specialization, helps to understand the whole social system designed to ensure labour supply. The article presents the principal determinants of the growth of slave labour stocking and the dynamics deforming the system. It shows how the « whitening » of the population and the complexity of social stratification came to hinge onto the openings of the legal, economic and demographic headways. It is around the large plantations that productivity, rural migration and social compromises were brought into interplay.
  • Vers une nouvelle orientation pour l'agriculture cubaine ? - Pierre Raymond
    Towards a new orientation for Cuban agriculture ? The typical character of pre-revolutionary Cuba was the agricultural worker, and not the peasant. The latter proved unable to affirm himself as the connoisseur of the milieu that he happens to be elsewhere. After 1959, the gigantism of State farms was preferred to the detriment of locally rooted peasant agriculture. This has not helped the country to free itself from external food dependency. An overview of the crisis of the 90s thus led to the transformation of State-farms into cooperatives, but the evolution toward veritable peasant agriculture, as wished by the author, still remains limited and incomplete.