Contenu du sommaire : Persécution des juifs et espace urbain

By mobilizing unique administrative sources produced by a Parisian neighbourhood police station, the spatial approach at the heart of this paper, with the use of geographic information systems (GIS), aims to investigate the interactions between urban space and anti-Jewish persecution. We first analyze the reality of the Jewish presence in the autumn of 1940 in the Arts-et-Métiers and Enfants-Rouges districts, where many Jews lived although they were not the majority or particularly concentrated. We then study the variations in the intensity of arrests, as well as attempts to escape, within the districts studied. Finally, we show that buildings with a large number of Jewish households were proportionally more affected by arrests than others. The changes in scale proposed in this paper thus allow for the development of new hypotheses concerning disparities in deportations and survival.

This paper examines the events of the Vel' d'Hiv rafle (roundup) on the scale of one neighbourhood in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. It combines two approaches that seem to be in opposition but that force the historian of the Shoah to consider the spatial dimension of the event. The first section examines the rafle from the point of view of its political and police rationale, and analyses the results at the level of the 3rd arrondissement: 770 arrests out of 2,675 Jews whose files were selected for arrest, i.e., 29 %. The second section follows the step-by-step the account of the operation, in the heart of the 3rd arrondissement, proposed by Roger Boussinot in Les Guichets du Louvre (1960). Analysed in spatial terms, this extraordinary testimony allows us to refine our historical knowledge of the mechanics of the roundup: dozens of agents moving slowly from one address to another, dragging their victims in front of stupefied passers-by. A moment of horror and shock in the city.

This article draws on information provided in over 5,000 restitution claims related to the looting of private homes in Paris to analyze looting and restitution within the wider context of antisemitic persecution and urban space. It begins by locating the administrative centers of looting and restitution as well as the addresses of looted apartments (as reported by the victims) throughout the city. It then focuses specifically on the 17th arrondissement, an area not traditionally associated with Jewish life in Paris. Examining these documents reveals the extent of persecution even in ‘‘non-Jewish'' neighborhoods. Additionally, adjusting the scale of analysis from arrondissement to quartier to street and even to building level reveals insights into the methods and timing of exclusion in Paris, the geographic differences of persecution, and the role of material and social dynamics in the Shoah.

The social relations between Jews and non-Jews during the Shoah have been the subject of considerable scholarship over the last twenty years. In these studies, references to neighbours' are frequently present without being circumscribed from a geographical point of view. This paper constructs the terms neighbour' and neighbourhood' to make these categories tools for understanding persecution. Based on a vast survey concerning the reallocation of Jewish families' homes in Paris during the Occupation under the authority of the Prefecture of the Seine, the authors closely observe Parisians' social relations with their Jewish neighbours and the spatial characteristics of their residential trajectories.

As owners or tenants of high-quality property, the Jewish residents of Place des États-Unis and Avenue d'Iéna were victims of requisition measures for the purpose of housing the occupier or installing German administrative services. Under the rules of war', the authorities of the occupied country were responsible for compensating occupants whose property had been requisitioned. The Bureau of German Property Requisitions, which was part of the Seine Prefecture, was the office in charge of managing requisitions, from the moment the requisition order issued by the German military authorities was received until the procedure for compensating the injured occupants.

Thousands of Jewish tenants' apartments were relet to non-Jews during the Occupation of Paris. After the Liberation, conflicts erupted as a result. How did Jewish and non-Jewish tenants understand the stakes of Jews' reintegration in their apartments? What strategies did they employ to gain the right to (re) occupy these living and working spaces? This microhistory of the apartment building at 66 rue René Boulanger (10th arrondissement) examines two aspects of the relationship between space and social relationships: a judicial reintegration process and manifestations of popular anger. The study argues that Jewish and non-Jewish tenants mobilized discourses regarding nationality and wartime sacrifices to advocate for their own material and economic interests – Jewish tenants in favour of their socioeconomic reintegration, and non-Jews in defence of the material gains they had made during the Occupation. By combining urban history materials with sources that deal with the persecution and its consequences, we can see the gap between patriotic discourses and the material and economic stakes of reintegration.

Applying a climatic approach to the world of cities is still an unsettled question in urban history. However, the city offers many opportunities to considerably enrich the thinking of historians. From the outset, it is necessary to examine the paradoxes of this marginalisation, which is perceptible in urban historiography, by recalling the social issues linked to this type of research and the different semantic realities covered by the term climate' in the urban worlds of the past 500 years. Quite surprisingly, the city conceals abundant documentary treasures that must be tackled. The exploitation of this exceptional documentation opens up new avenues for understanding the modes of governance and perceptions that resulted from the climatic disruptions and fluctuations of the Little Ice Age.