Contenu du sommaire : Des radicalisations aux rêves communs

For almost 20 years the notion of radicalization has imposed a new vocabulary on social workers in the semantic field of social care. Pushed by public authorities to keep a closer watch on young people to identify possible signs of radicalization, professionals are swinging between legitimate concern and ethical caution in order not to deviate from their child protection missions.

Since 2001, and 2012 in France, “radicalisation” became a central notion both in researches in humanities and social sciences, and in the public space. At the same time, numerous attempts to define it have highlighted its shortcomings and paradoxes to such an extent that it has become difficult to work on this topic without first disavowing the terms. This article proposes to address the issue of defining “radicalization” on the basis of the logics of designation of “radicalized” people. Based on cases supported by a prevention program, it calls for an interpretation of “radicalization” as a loci for social experience in the perspective of a political anthropology of the sensible.

The author questions public policy effects on prevention of radicalization in the area of social intervention. Following Emmanuel Macron's speech calling for the fight against “Islamist separatism”, the author attempts to understand the difficulties of a politic that brings together security and social grammar. Based on a four-year field survey using the method of observant participation and semi-structured interviews, the author proposes an analysis of the system of generalized mistrust generated by this politic. The colonization of social work by security grammar prevents social workers from accomplishing their mission. To conclude, the author proposes a paradigm shift based on the concept of “polarization prevention”.

Pine knot, firewood gifted with speech. Collodi's Pinocchio (1883) tells the tale of the “race-for-the-death”, the seduction between adult & child and a kind of brotherhood in the jackassery that interests us particularly among these young people who leave. Besides even if the journey is real or virtual it means a structural dimension specific to adolescence to leave a body, a place, an ideal. And if this body is to quit, maybe it's because anatomy is still destiny. In this way, the withdrawal of identity is articulated with the clinic of identification. Geppetto represents this deaf and loving father. This misknowledge inside the family is not only the epiphenomenon of a collapse but also the mark of a successful act, the tragic success of being part of it/of them… and this for a very short time. That's why we cannot missed to linger over the way their lives matter. A life before death!

This article aims to analyze two problems: what is the path that leads a man or a woman to become a follower of a radical ideology leading them to commit an act of extremist brutality? How do you know when a subject is disengaging from an individual projection into a brutal act? For this, the author offers a comparative analysis of the biographical temporality of two terrorists: Stéphane Balliet the author of the attack in Halle in Germany on October 9, 2019 which left two dead and two injured and Mickael Harpon, responsible for the massacre in within the prefecture of Paris. It then offers an analysis of the process of disengagement from the passage to violent acts of people placed under the principal of justice for acts of radicalization from field work carried out within the experimental center: Research and Intervention on Extremist violence (RIVE).

This article proposes to analyze the spatial strategies of several Muslim women, defining themselves as “free and veiled”, activists in a political popular education association. In an ever-renewed context of “struggle for places” (Lussault, 2007), they mobilize spatial resources to increase their visibility, which is often either denied or imposed by “majority normative frameworks” (Chassain et al., 2016). Although they are in the minority, they nevertheless enable “common work” (Nicolas-Le Strat, 2016) to be carried out by leading a political struggle. Their engagement with and in the public space opens up perspectives for thinking more globally about the conditions of the construction of the common, without evacuating the agonistic approach.

The author provides a professional experience built in a cross-disciplinary team along with a network of partners and consultants in public health and social cohesion. She first addresses the issue of the plurality of violent radicalizations and sheds light upon how risky and counterproductive it would be to deal with only one of them due to a context of soaring social polarization. This very context of polarization does not spare families and wider society : it can even result in radicalizations. He does not even spare professionals and institutions, basically the whole society. In order to address the issue, the author submits measures of co-interventions between families and experts to an outside opinion, then examines it as a measure of collective resilience.

This paper is based on the results of the research-action programme listening to young people in deprived areas to enhance critical thinking. It is also based on the current research who aims at setting up workshops as a tool for the reinforcement of critical thinking among young people and to create new competences for professional social and care workers. The collaborative programme involved professional workers in charge of educational interventions aimed at young people, elected representatives and strategic managing staff of six municipalities in France. It began in 2014 due to the first young people's departurer for Daesch. So to avoid getting caught up in a radicalization risk approach, this collective opted for listening to young people from popular districts with a focus on the diversity to their relationship to the world. Based on the results of these survey analyses of three hundred young people, and on the dissemination of theses survey analyses, we develop new pedagogies aiming at the stimulation of critical thinking. This paper is a testimony to the work carried out by the programme. It also highlights the evolutions of young people of between 16 and 25, concerning their relationship to the world, to the French republic and to themselves. These evolutions should be taken into account by any future educational support programme.

In 2016, the research centre of the IRTS Poitou-Charentes undertook a Research-Action-Training “Radicalization and living together” for the Regional Federation of Youth and Cultural Centres. The 2015 terrorist attacks were especially disruptive for socio-cultural animation workers. Within the framework of this RAT, the goal was to develop together around this community background. A debate was quickly established with socio-cultural animation workers about the MJC's mission of popular education. They viewed the matter of the radicalisation as a reduction of this mission and the values it bears. For this assessment of their activities related to that, they were provided with a framework of analysis: the individuation process as defined by Carl Gustav Jung. From this framework arose the matter of the individual and collective realisation and the transmission popular education's values.

This chronicle aims to document and analyse the construction phase of a Collaborative Action Research carried out with an association supporting sex workers in Switzerland. The analysis focuses on conceptual issues (building knowledge with partners in the field, i.e. social work professionals and beneficiaries), methodological issues (creating partnerships) and ethical issues (promoting the participation of all those concerned). We show the difficulties and obstacles researchers face in order to contribute to the development of this type of research in the service of the professional field of social work.