Contenu du sommaire : Les masques du tourisme

Les masques du tourisme

• Les masques du tourisme - Georges Cazes et Georges Courade p. 247
• Les incidences du tourisme sur le développement - Sébastien Condès p. 269
  The effects of tourism on development Tourism has strongly contributed to the economic growth of developing countries during these past years but is it a factor of development ? An initial response needs to identify the different forms of tourism and the dynamics of global tourism in the « post-September 1 1 » context. Indeed, tourism appears to be a simple way of accumulating wealth, but the analysis of the concomitant risks provides some paths to reflection on ensuring that it does not become a factor of imbalances.
• L'endroit et l'envers du décor : la "touristicité" comparée d'Haïti et de la République Dominicaine - Jean-Marie Théodat p. 293
  The right and the wrong side of the picture : Comparative facilities of tourism in Haiti and the Dominican Republic Haiti and the Dominican Republic happen to be the only « islands » which are not wholly surrounded by water from all sides. In fact the two countries have a distinct insularity that results from antagonistic territorial appropriations and from differing approaches to tourism policy. They participate in the same Afro- Latin and Creole ambiance that attracts three per cent of global tourism. And yet the windfalls of the tourist manna are unequally shared from one side of the border to the other. The article analyses the conditions of such inverse tourist dispositions between the two Caribbean territories.
• Tourisme, politique et environnement aux Seychelles - Jean-Christophe Gay p. 319
  Tourism, politics and environment in the Seychelles Following strong growth during the 1970s, tourist numbers in the Seychelles fell before rising again with uncertainty. This unique evolution in the inter-tropical milieu reflects multiple difficulties. Contrary to current affirmations, the situation is not a result of the wish to protect the environment. The Seychelles State is dependent on tourism for ensuring revenues and economic viability, political stability and social development.
• Derrière l'écotourisme, le politique : conservation et discrimination territoriale en Afrique du Sud - Sylvain Guyot p. 341
  The politics behind the of eco-tourism cover : Conservation and territorial segregation in South Africa As legacies of « green apartheid », natural parks in South Africa are reserved for whites and tourists. As concerns the case of St Lucia Park, the predominantly black indigenous populations therefore accumulate frustrations and have often resorted to illegal - but legitimate - practices such as deforestation and poaching. As for political and associative stakeholders, they consider eco-tourism as the miraculous solution for local development. However, other serious issues stand out, such as past legacy management, the effective participation of people, redistribution of tourist benefits, confusion in territorial management and the ambiguous motivations of environmental stakeholders.
• L'appel à l'éthique et la référence universaliste dans la doctrine officielle du tourisme international - Marie-Françoise Lanfant p. 365
  A call for ethics and universal references with regard to the official international tourism doctrine In 1999, the World Tourism Organisation adopted the global code of ethics as a framework for the tourist activity, which is essential for the economy and the development of the countries of the South. Without necessarily putting to question the tourist industry and the liberal option, the World Tourism Organisation tries, through this manifesto, to place the activity in the service of sustainable development with respect to cultural diversities. This article analyses the references, contradictions and preconceptions which emanate from this universal and normative approach in a domain that is marked by the liberalisation of behaviours and financial liberalism.

• Varia

  • Le rôle des institutions politiques dans les crises financières de l'Argentine et du Brésil - Philippe Faucher, Leslie Elliot Armijo p. 387
    Currency crises an decision making frameworks : The politics of bouncing back in Argentina and Brazil This paper seeks to explain why exchange rate crises of rather similar causes and magnitudes can be so much harder for one emerging market country to absorb and bounce back from than for its neighbour. Brazil was able to recover readily from its recent forced devaluation and associated domestic financial/political crisis, which looked quite bad in January 1999, but was virtually over by April of that year. Argentina's superficially similar crisis, which pushed the country off its strict Currency Board and let the peso float in December 2001, has been extraordinarily prolonged and debilitating. We conclude that most of the difference resulted from the structure of domestic political institutions and the incentives for cooperation and conflict that they created for political incumbents and other players.
  • Les dimensions de l'expérience piquetera : tensions et cadres communs dans l'organisation et la mobilisation des chômeurs en Argentine - Maristella Svampa, Sebastian Pereyra p. 419
    Profiles of the « piquetera » experience : Tensions and common frameworks within the organisation of the unemployed in Argentina Since 1996, the unemployed who have adopted the name of piqueter os have become a new and particularly perturbing actor on the Argentinean political scene. This article examines the conditions which have brought about the constitu- tion of the unemployed into organisations. The first part analyses the principal currents of the piquetero movement, its different political and ideological matrices, the relationships it establishes with the State and the institutionalisation of social programmes. The second part studies the common elements which constitute the piquetero space. Finally, the article assesses the current difficulties of the movement.
  • "Société civile" et démocratisation : une étude comparative au Nord et au Sud - Groupe de recherche de l'IEDES p. 443
    « Civil Society » and démocratisation : A comparative study in the North and in the South The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the role played by « civil society » organisations in the process of démocratisation, when it is more or less simultaneous with economic liberalization. The comparative study concerns two Southern countries, Algeria and Mexico, and two European ones, Bosnia Herzegovina and Romania. It analyses two categories of organizations : trade unions and the commonly called « non governmental » organizations. The paper concludes that if the role played by these organizations differs greatly from country to country, it remains in fact very restricted. This can be explained by the fact that they couldn't yet constitute effective counterbalancing powers and by the constraints of the economic and international environment.

• Bibliographie

  • Ouvrages sur le développement diffusés en France en octobre 2003 - mars 2004 - p. 465