Contenu du sommaire : Le déplacement dans l'histoire et la culture américaines.
Revue |
Revue française d'études américaines ![]() |
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Numéro | no 72, mars 1997 |
Titre du numéro | Le déplacement dans l'histoire et la culture américaines. |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Avant-propos - Yves-Charles Grandjeat, Serge Ricard p. 2 pages
- Sister's Choice: Tradition and Subversion in Louisa May Alcott's « The Brothers » - Patricia Bleu-Schwenninger p. 9 pages Dans cette nouvelle, écrite en pleine guerre de Sécession, Louisa May Alcott plaide éloquemment en faveur de l'abolitionnisme tout en se posant résolument en ardent défenseur de la cause féminine. Elle s'emploie très subtilement non seulement à lier, mais aussi à confondre les deux discours. Derrière l'image conventionnelle de l'héroïne se profile la figure de V androgyne, dont la fonction traditionnelle est de révéler des souffrances ou des aspirations jugées inexplicables par le commun des mortels. D'où un texte d'une extrême ambiguïté.
- Rites de passage : de la fragmentation à la création dans The Ancient Child de N. Scott Momaday - Anne-Laure Tissut p. 12 pages This paper aims at showing how the various moves and metamorphoses in the themes and structures of The, Ancient Child express the hero's change of point of view on the universe and bring about a similar change in the readers '. The novel thus appears as an initiation, through creation and the restored powers of language and storytelling, to an attitude of wonder towards space in its mythical conception of a dynamic, ever-mutable whole.
- Delegated Dominion: Language and Displacement in Cambridge by Caryl Philips - Kathie Birat p. 11 pages Dans le contexte de la littérature afro-américaine, le reflète un phénomène réel : le déracinement de l'Africain et sa transplantation dans le Nouveau Monde. Mais c'est le langage, vu comme un processus de déplacement, qui permet le mieux de saisir le dilemme de l'esclave qui ne dispose, pour s'exprimer, que du langage d'un autre. À travers l'analyse du discours d'une femme blanche, narratrice du roman Cambridge de l'écrivain antillais Caryl Phillips, cet article étudie les déplacements que le langage, vu comme un jeu de signifiants chargés de relayer la signification, fait subir à tous ceux, maîtres et esclaves, qui s'en servent.
- Charles Reznikoff : « le déchiffrage même de la vie au miroir du texte » - Geneviève Cohen-Cheminet p. 11 pages This paper suggests Charles Reznikoff 's poetry should be assessed in its relation to the Jewish hermeneutical tradition. Philosopher Paul Ricœur's quotation in the title, "the very deciphering of life in the mirror of the text, " sums up Reznikoff 's poetical strategy. He decontextualizes his writing by displacing it towards its hypotextual origin, Jewish and non-Jewish. Reading destabilizes the reader who embraces the poetical text in the mirror of its hypotexts. This move metaphorically takes reading and writing away from their familiar American grounds and paves the way for an ethics of perambulation.
- Charlot centripète, ou le déplacement inutile - Francis Bordat p. 8 pages Mack Sennett's slapstick tradition and the comedy of silent clowns in the 1910s and 1920s are characterized by speeded up motion and the thrill of displacement. It is argued here that Chaplin 's tramp resists the centrifugal forces of that knockabout style. Rooted in the assumption that moving is "useless, " a centripetal principle sems to govern both Charlie's acting and Chaplin 's directing, to the extent of structuring the gags and the films themselves in a decisive way.
- Le Pop Art aux Etats-Unis : entre subversion et conformisme - Eliane Elmaleh p. 10 pages This paper analyzes Pop Art's oscillation between subversion and conformism. In fact, to some, it was an exaltation of the American way of life as it mirrored the general well-being that people living in an affluent society experienced. Conveyed by Pop Art, the media image of the American world seemed to celebrate, by fetishizing it, American society's self-image. However, the deliberate use of impersonal brand-new objects could also be interpreted by others as a denunciation of a consumer society gone wild. The aim of this presentation is to show the potential of subversion of artists who, by choosing refusing to clearly take sides, by to present themselves as dehumanized as the subjects they presented, implicitly denounced the vision people had of the American world through the media.
- Le community college est-il menacé dans sa mission sociale ? - Christine Soulas p. 9 pages Community colleges have a unique place in American higher education, as they are at the same time two-year colleges, technical schools and institutes of continuing education. Their college transfer programs provide access to socially disadvantaged students, thanks to a non-selective admission policy, low tuition and remedial programs. The most determined of them may eventually obtain a degree from a university. Yet the middle classes are more and more attracted to these much more affordable institutions, making access difficult for those who have no other way to a college degree.
- Femmes « dangereuses » : la criminalisation de femmes enceintes toxicomanes - Jennifer Merchant p. 6 pages In the last decade, a growing number of pregnant women in the United States have been investigated and/or charged with transmitting drugs to a minor, that is to say, to the fetus they are carrying. This wave of criminalization procedures, in some cases translated into legislative measures, essentially involves indigent women from minority groups. Far from achieving the announced objective of improving fetal and newborn health, these punitive policies have had the adverse effect of forcing women who need both drug treatment and prenatal care to go into hiding.
- The Promises and Perils of American Hegemony - Thomas McCormick p. 10 pages L'hégémonie américaine au XXe siècle connut son âge d'or dans le quart de siècle qui suivit la Seconde Guerre mondiale, favorisée par l'impact de deux conflits mondiaux et d'une dépression qui détruisit presque le capitalisme international. L'histoire de cette hégémonie reflète le triomphalisme inquiet d'aujourd'hui, dans un après-guerre froide certes enivrant, mais qui paraît dissimuler d'autres périls que le communisme défunt. Le coût de la superpuissance, depuis 1970 notamment, a non seulement grevé le budget des États-Unis, mais a aussi déséquilibré, sinon déstabilisé, leur économie. Certains, comme Ethan B. Kapstein ou Stephen S. Roach, ont amorcé une réflexion sur l'assainissement possible d'un système générateur de criantes inégalités sociales. Encore minoritaire, leur point de vue préfigure peut-être un réexamen des choix hégémoniques de l'Amérique.
Hors thème
- Frontières d'empires : vers une nouvelle historiographie de la « frontière » nord-américaine avant 1848 - Marie-Jeanne Rossignol p. 12 pages In recent historical works dealing with the early American West, the "frontier" has become a central concept again. This paper surveys criticisms ofF. J. Turner's work as well as contemporary historiography. Today the pre-1 848 frontier must be defined both as a border and a region, and primarily studied as a place where empires clashed and cultures met if one is fully to develop the potentialities of this renewed field.
- La New Social History américaine et la guerre de Sécession - Lucia Bergamasco-Lenarda p. 18 pages In the past fifteen years the New Social History has rediscovered the American Civil War, a subject traditionally left to military historians, and one that haunts the popular imagination. New approaches and new questions concerning the war and home fronts, have revolutionized the study of the war period. Today the categories of gender, class and race throw new light on old and new documentary material with often striking results.
- Frontières d'empires : vers une nouvelle historiographie de la « frontière » nord-américaine avant 1848 - Marie-Jeanne Rossignol p. 12 pages
Comptes rendus
- Clifford W. Brown, Lynda W. Powell & Clyde Wilcox. Serious Money - Marc Arnold p. 2 pages
- Marc Chénetier, dir. F.S. Fitzgerald - John Dos Passos. Europe - Jean Méral p. 1 page
- Marc Chénetier. Paul Auster as the Wizard of Odds: Moon Palace - François Happe p. 1 page
- Josyane Savigneau. Carson McCullers. Un cœur de jeune fille - Jean Rivière p. 2 pages
- Martine Azuelos, dir. Le modèle économique anglo-saxon à l'épreuve de la globalisation - Anne Deysine p. 2 pages
- John Bowman, ed. The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography - Jacques Portes p. 1 page
- Sacvan Bercovitch, éd. The Cambridge History of American Literature 8: Poetry and Criticism, 1940-1995 ; Helen Vendler. The Given and the Made: Recent American Poets - Alain Suberchicot p. 2 pages
- Clifford W. Brown, Lynda W. Powell & Clyde Wilcox. Serious Money - Marc Arnold p. 2 pages