Contenu du sommaire : Enseignement primaire et secondaire aux Etats-Unis.
| Revue |
Revue française d'études américaines  |
|---|---|
| Numéro | no 74, octobre 1997 |
| Titre du numéro | Enseignement primaire et secondaire aux Etats-Unis. |
| Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Avant-propos - Michel Antoine, Malie Montagutelli p. 1 page
- L'école américaine, crise et désarroi - Malie Montagutelli p. 7 pages
Today, public education in the United States is attacked by conservatives and liberals alike. Both groups disagree on what changes should be brought about, but they agree that the system is in dire need of improvement. After assessing the general situation in American schools, both elementary and secondary, today, as well as the nature of the debate, this article attempts to show that this crisis goes beyond mere issues of education and school management and that it challenges some of the fundamental options and traditional values of American society. - Politics, Pedagogy, and Pluralism — Multicultural Education in American Public Schools in the Twentieth Century - Maxime Schwartz Seller p. 13 pages
Cet article fait l'historique du multiculturalisme dans les établissements scolaires primaires et secondaires américains. Les différentes formes qu'il a prises selon les périodes y sont étudiées, en soulignant l'influence du contexte politique et idéologique. Trois questions sont posées : quelles furent les instances à l'origine de l'enseignement multiculturel (autorités scolaires, représentants des minorités ou responsables politiques) ? À qui s'est-il adressé (à l'ensemble des enfants ou seulement à ceux des minorités) ? Quels objectifs politiques, sociaux et pédagogiques a-t-il poursuivis ? La thèse défendue ici est que les décisions prises concernant l'enseignement multiculturel aux États-Unis ont été dans la plupart des cas motivées par des raisons politiques plutôt que pédagogiques et que, par conséquent, elles ont reflété les grands changements politiques et idéologiques survenus au sein de la société américaine. - Garrity v. Garrity: The Two Faces of Discrimination - Gloria Russo p. 7 pages En 1974, la cour fédérale de Boston avait ordonné la déségrégation des écoles de la ville. Accusée de discrimination, la Boston Latin School avait alors adopté un nouveau système de sélection nettement favorable aux minorités raciales. Vingt-et-un ans plus tard, elle s'est retrouvée sur le banc des accusés pour la même raison et devant le même juge. Seul a changé le plaignant. C'est une jeune fille blanche.
- L'éducation à la citoyenneté, ou l'enseignement de l'histoire aux Etats-Unis - Marie Bolton p. 9 pages Two developments in recent years have brought history education into the fray of the "culture wars". The historical profession has worked to breach the gap between school teachers, university historians, and museum curators, and a nasty debate erupted over the creation of national standards in the primary and secondary history curriculum. The bitterness of the fights over these events stems not only from the emotional attachment that many Americans have to the past, but also from the perceived political threat of a citizenry that has received a broad history education, and thus is aware of its potential impact in today 's world.
- Évangélisme et enseignement : le Christian School Movement - Mokhtar Ben Barka p. 13 pages Declining public school enrolments have in recent years been accompanied by the sustained growth of non-public schools. Among these the fastest growing are Christian schools, which form the largest part of the Christian School Movement. Underlying this movement is the claim that churches and parents exclusively have the right and responsibility of educating the youth. This paper shows that the Christian School Movement is highly controversial.
- Education et Santé : quelle place pour les services de santé scolaire ? - Eveline Thevenard p. 12 pages The relationship between education and health, which was first established by 19th century social reformers and sanitarians, has received renewed attention in recent years. School health services are no longer focused on communicable disease control but aim to address diverse health problems which prevent a growing number of students from learning. Innovative projects such as school-based health centers show the importance of the cooperation between education and health professionals, but the full potential of school health services has yet to be realized.
- Le proviseur américain : un sheriff à l'école - André Bécherand p. 7 pages In recent years, in a situation that parallels that of their French counterparts, American high school principals have seen their roles and responsibilities changed and expanded. Yet, strangely, their status has remained undervalued. This paper outlines the profile of a profession, underscoring the similarities as well as the differences with French principals. It concludes with a dramatic interrogation : is violence transforming the American principal into an expert on security ?
- L'éducation physique et la poursuite du bonheur - Andrew Cutcher p. 14 pages The history of sport and physical education gives us special insight into the political, economic, and social transformations that have shaped American society. From the origins of physical education to the present sporting institution, this paper attempts to trace the evolution of sports in child education and their inherent role in the assimilation of traditional American values.
- Georgetown, Colorado : éducation et promotion sociale au XIXe siècle dans l'Ouest américain - Chantal Mareuil p. 7 pages The pictures of American West at the time of the Gold and Silver Rush which commonly appear in popular literature and western films tend to show a violent society, obsessed with wealth and material acquisitions, one in which education had no place. These representations are oversimplified and inadequate. In many a mining town during the second half of the 19th century, education was in fact held as one of the major priorities. In the respect, the example of Georgetown, Colorado, is an interesting case in point. The social élite which settled therefrom 1864 on played a determining role in the development of a very ambitious and elaborate school system. A series of laws for the promotion of schooling was adopted very early on by the legislature of the Territory of Colorado, which sustained the city in this effort. As a result, schools in Georgetown soon became an important factor in the integration of diverse national groups, in the settling of a permanent population and in the social promotion of the younger generation.
Hors thème
- Norms for a Misuse of Authority : the Alien and Sedition Acts - Gérard Hugues p. 10 pages Rarement la liberté d'expression garantie par le Ier amendement a été aussi malmenée qu 'à l'occasion du vote de lois connues comme «Alien and Sedition Acts» en 1798. Le passage de ces lois liberticides pose des questions essentielles touchant, par exemple, à la liberté de la presse comme droit naturel. Le présent article ne s'attache pas particulièrement aux problèmes théoriques, mais davantage au climat de l'époque, à son discours, à ses excès. Le but non avoué de ces lois n'était autre que d'abattre le clan républicain, adversaire du gouvernement Adams, en jetant le discrédit sur les alliés supposés ou réels des Jeffersoniens. La distorsion des faits, une propagande éhontée et des erreurs tactiques majeures ont finalement servi les intérêts du Parti républicain et consommé la défaite des Fédéralistes. Au lieu de réduire les partisans de Jefferson, elles propulsent le Virginien à la magistrature suprême et rayent pour longtemps de la carte politique le Parti fédéraliste au pouvoir. Francophobie, règlements de comptes sont les constantes de la période et le seul résultat positif de cette magistrale maladresse sera de renforcer durablement la liberté de la presse et la liberté de pensée aux États-Unis.
- Norms for a Misuse of Authority : the Alien and Sedition Acts - Gérard Hugues p. 10 pages
Comptes rendus
- Maurice Couturier. Roman et censure, ou la mauvaise foi d'Éros - Marc Chénetier p. 1 page
- Sara Blair. Henry James and the Writing of Race and Nation - Annick Duperray p. 2 pages
- Bernard Terramorsi. Henry James ou le sens des profondeurs : essai sur les nouvelles fantastiques ; Sophie Geoffroy-Menoux. Miroirs d'Outre-Monde. Henry James et la création fantastique - Annick Duperray p. 3 pages
- Claudine Raynaud. Toni Morrison - Christine Chollier p. 2 pages
- Mutlu Konuk Blasing. Politics and Form in Postmodern Poetry: O'Hara, Bishop, Ashberry, and Merrill - Alain Suberchicot p. 2 pages
- Rose Marie Burwell. Hemingway. The Postwar Years and the Posthumous Novels ; Scott Donaldson, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Hemingway - Rédouane Abouddahab p. 2 pages
- Hershel Parker. Herman Melville: A Bioqraphy. Volume I, 1819-1851 - Mark Niemeyer p. 2 pages
- Claudine Raynaud, dir. « Voix ethniques » Volume II "Ethnic Voices" II - Mark Niemeyer p. 2 pages
- James T. Patterson. Grand Expectations. The United States, 1945-1974 - Jacques Portes p. 2 pages
- Bruce G. Trigger & Wilcomb W. Washburn, eds. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Vol. I, part 1 & 2 - Nelcya Delanoë p. 3 pages
- Thomas A. Tweed, éd. Retelling U.S. Religious History - Daniel Zimmerlin p. 1 page
- Derek Bok. The State of The Nation - Elisabeth Chamorand p. 1 page
- Jeanne H. Louis, éd. Separation from the World, for American Peace Churches: Asset or Handicap? - Daniel Zimmerlin p. 2 pages
- Stuart Seely Sprague, éd. His Promised Land. The Autobiography of John P. Parker, Former Slave and Conductor of the Underground Railroad - Nathalie Dessens p. 2 pages
- Melvin Small. Democracy & Diplomacy. The Impact of Domestic Politics on U.S. Foreign Policy, 1789-1994 - Jacques Portes p. 2 pages
- John Charles Boger, Judith Welch Wegner, éd. Race, Poverty and the American Cities - Sophie Body-Gendrot p. 2 pages
- Paul A. Jargowsky. Poverty and Place. Ghettos, Barrios and the American City - Sophie Body-Gendrot p. 2 pages
- William Julius Wilson. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor - Pierre Guerlain p. 2 pages
- James A. Bill. George Bail: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy - Laurent Cesari p. 2 pages
- Townsend Hoopes & Douglas Brinkley. FDR and the Creation of the UN - Laurent Cesari p. 2 pages
- Leslie Reagan. When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973 - Eveline Thevenard p. 2 pages
- Serge Ricard, dir. États-Unis/Mexique : fascinations et répulsions réciproques - Dominique Daniel p. 2 pages
- Maurice Couturier. Roman et censure, ou la mauvaise foi d'Éros - Marc Chénetier p. 1 page
