Contenu du sommaire : Immigration et citoyenneté aux Etats-Unis.
| Revue |
Revue française d'études américaines  |
|---|---|
| Numéro | no 75, janvier 1998 |
| Titre du numéro | Immigration et citoyenneté aux Etats-Unis. |
| Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- Avant-propos - Annick Foucrier p. 1 page
- Immigration et citoyenneté aux Etats-Unis : la dialectique de l'inclusion et de l'exclusion. - Annick Foucrier p. 18 pages
The article introduces the central theme with a history of the laws of naturalization from colonial times to the present, in relation to the changing policies of immigration and the meanings of citizenship. It takes into account the different and sometimes contradictory local and federal levels of legislation and practices. In a second part, it reviews the different attitudes of migrants towards American citizenship and some of the reasons that induced them to apply for naturalization. - Enjeux et formes de la naturalisation dans l'Amérique des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles - Bertrand Van Ruymbeke p. 12 pages In seventeenth-century England, immigrants could shed their alien status either by being naturalized by Parliament or denizened by the Crown. The former involved an expensive and complex procedure but guaranteed its beneficiary full citizenship whereas the latter, inexpensive and easy to obtain, only conveyed explicitly limited rights. These legal and procedural distinctions were never transplanted to British North America as, except in New England, colonial proprietors, governors and assemblies adopted liberal naturalization policies in response to the need for colonists. Naturalized settlers were thus granted extensive economic and political rights, albeit limited to the colony where they resided. In 1740, Parliament established a naturalization procedure common to all colonies which superseded local legislation.
- Les migrants de Saint-Domingue en Louisiane avant la guerre de Sécession : de l'intégration civique à l'influence politique - Nathalie Dessens p. 13 pages In the late eighteenth century, the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue was ravaged by a slave rebellion which entailed the flight of thousands of people. The object of this essay is to study the migration of Saint-Domingans to the South of the United States and more particularly to Louisiana, as well as its peculiarities and influences on the society of the territory. The main focus will be on the political integration of the refugees, and on the role they played in Louisiana politics. Given the peculiarity of this incoming population, an assessment of the degree of integration achieved requires an analysis of factors other than the usual criteria of naturalization, citizenship, and the granting of voting rights.
- L'épreuve/les preuves de la loyauté : la presse italo-américaine face à la citoyenneté (1910-1935) - Bénédicte Deschamps p. 15 pages Approaching the Italian-American press less as a source of information than as a political instructor and mediator for the «Little Italies» of the United States, this essay focuses on the articles published in the Italian-American commercial newspapers from 1910 to 1935, and analyzes the way the latter dealt with the issue of American citizenship. At a time when the Americanization movements tried to control the immigrant press, events such as WWI and the rise of fascism influenced Italian-American journalists, challenging their loyalty to the United States. This paper shows how the Italian-American press was forced to take sides, points out the conflicts generated by its dual position, and brings to light the ways in which a period of international crisis led to the difficult shaping of different concepts of Italian-American identity.
- De l'immigrant au citoyen : les dilemmes de la naturalisation pour les Mexicains et les Asiatiques depuis 1965 - Dominique Daniel p. 14 pages Today Asian immigrants regardless of their national origins have the highest naturalization rates in the United States and Mexicans the lowest, although the latter have been naturalized in increasingly greater numbers in the 1990s. Such difference can be partly accounted for by the higher socio-economic status of Asian entrants since the immigration reform of 1965, and by the Mexicans' tradition of cyclical migration. Other factors are the citizens' right of family reunification and the recent measures restricting public aid to both illegal and legal immigrants. Political motivations have to be relativized since Asians are among the least politicized groups in the U.S. Yet, as the result of a complex interaction of these factors, naturalization tends to become a strategy of defense that gives it a new political connotation in the context of a redefinition of American citizenship.
- De la citoyenneté symbolique : China Men, de M. H. Kingston - Michel Feith p. 12 pages As corollary to the legal and political notion of citizenship, this paper attempts to define a "symbolic citizenship" in Maxine Hong Kingston 's China Men. In contradistinction to the discriminatory institutional practices restricting immigrant access to the U. S. and naturalization, this form of citizenship is based on participation in the nation's pioneering history and material prosperity in its dreams of freedom and opportunity for all. To avoid thus condoning the myth of Manifest Destiny, the text multiplies alternative narratives which distanciate the eurocentric perspective and reveal a subtle interplay between "national" and "immigrant" outlooks. The result is a dialogic expansion of the meaning of America, critical of the discrepancy between the rigidity of citizenship conditions and the openness of the "symbolic " kind.
Forum
- Les guerres culturelles américaines : un psychodrame médiatique - Pierre Guerlain p. 27 pages This aim of this paper is to analyze the recent political and ideological conflicts, known as « culture wars », that have wracked but also entertained the United States. A short semantic analysis of the metaphor of war which has invaded public discourse is followed by a presentation of the various groups involved in these «wars». This piece deals with some of the major issues pitting the two camps against each other such as the fight over the canon, elitism the role of media and the debate over family values. The heterogeneity of the liberal as well as of the conservative camp and the ambiguity of some alliances and political stands are taken into account. The apparent ideological victory of the right is then questioned and a critique of identity politics and of the ideological volte-face of the left is offered. Finally the idea that the United States is facing fragmentation is challenged. The last section of the paper studies the emergence of a new ideological paradigm based on market values and anti-racism which gives the U. S a strong sense of unity in spite of all the so-called «culture wars».
- Les guerres culturelles américaines : un psychodrame médiatique - Pierre Guerlain p. 27 pages
Comptes rendus
- Jacques Portes. De la scène à l'écran : Naissance de la culture de masse aux États-Unis - John Atherton p. 2 pages
- Divina Frau-Meigs & Sophie Jehel. Les écrans de la violence : Enjeux économiques et responsabilités sociales - Pierre Guerlain p. 1 page
- Claude Grimal. Gertrude Stein : «Le sourire grammatical» - Mark Niemeyer p. 1 page
- Myra Jehlen & Michael Warner, eds. The English Literatures of America, 1500-1800 - Michel Granger p. 1 page
- Richard Pells. Not Like Us. How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, And Transformed American Culture Since World War II - Jacques Portes p. 2 pages
- James L. Baughman. The Republic of Mass Culture: Journalism, Filmmaking, and Broadcasting in America since 1941 - Jean-Paul Gabilliet p. 2 pages
- Michael Kammen. The Lively Arts. Gilbert Seldes and the Transformation of Cultural Criticism in the United States - Jacques Portes p. 2 pages
- Mary P. Ryan. Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century - Catherine Pouzoulet p. 2 pages
- Tyler Stovall. Paris Noir. African Americans in the City of Light - Joseph Armando Soba p. 2 pages
- Don Fehrenbacher et Virginia Fehrenbacher. Recollected Works of Abraham Lincoln - Olivier Fraysse p. 1 page
- Mark Grimsley. The Hard Hand of War : Union Military Policy Towards Southern Civilians, 1861-1865 - Pierre Lépinasse p. 2 pages
- Malcolm J. Rohrbough. Days of Gold. The California Gold Rush and the American Nation - Annick Foucrier p. 1 page
- Reid Mitchell. All on a Mardi Gras Day. Episodes in the History of New Orleans Carnival - Annick Foucrier p. 1 page
- Jacques Portes. De la scène à l'écran : Naissance de la culture de masse aux États-Unis - John Atherton p. 2 pages
