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The Maghrebian Migrations to Europe This study is a synthetic reevaluation of the Maghrebian emigration to Europe and, in particular, of the latest developments. As far as numbers are concerned, there was a tremendous increase during the 1960's. As respects qualitative factors, new characteristics appear : an administrative supervision of the flows, improvement in the professional categories, and especially the growth of family units which emigrate. Regarding geographical considerations, changes must also be noted. In the various countries of the Maghreb, it is especially the great growth of migrants from urban regions that must be underlined ; from now on there will be various different regions of migrant origin. In the northwestern countries of continental Europe, there are also many different localities which receive the migrants even if the large industrial centers remain the principal points of attraction. Finally, the study comments upon the economic and social consequences of this large migratory movement by placing it in the sphere of relations between developed countries and those nations undergoing development.

The industries of Brazzaville Thanks to its position as capital of the former Franch Equatorial Africa, Brazzaville is relatively industrialized with respect to the cities of the other countries of the former federation. At the end of 1971, there were 13 factories that each employed more than 30 workers (9 factories in the private sector and 4 in the public sector ). All of these processing industries have in common the problem of viability, in a country of a million inhabitants of very limited purchasing power and, the competition between neighbouring countries with similar factories is steadily increasing. The factories in the public sector must not only resolve the problem of viability, but also those of acquiring professional personnel, investments, and financial administration. All the industries of the State show a deficit ; the most important SOTEXCO, which employs 1 241 Africans, had in 1970 a deficit of 305 000 000 francs C.F.A. Of the 2 455 Africans working in the 13 factories of the study, 80-95 % were born outside the capital. Recruitment by the industries in the public sector is often influenced by tribalism, which often necessitates the replacement of workers. Secondary effects are important for the factories in the private sector (SIAT 1 645 735 600 francs C.F.A. in 1970) but are not important for the enterprises of the State (SOTEXCO 170172600 francs C.F.A. in 1970) which do not pay duty on imported raw materials or taxes and show a substantial deficit. Urban growth is accentuated by industrialization as more than 16000 people are directly supported by the wages provided by the industries. To encourage industrialization it is necessary, on one hand, to instil confidence in the private investors and, on the other hand, to improve the present state of the public enterprises before thinking of new undertakings.

Fish-canning industry in Morocco Fish-canning has become the third exporting industry off Morocco due to three main factors ; the good supply of sardines of the Atlantic coast of the country, French investment and the profit gained through privileged conditions offered by France. This activity, very concentrated both spatially and economically, suffers from too great a specialization, which has, as corollaries, seasonal production rhythmes and thus far too irregular employment rhythmes, and high vulnerability of its exports, which are all-important because of low national consumption. In view of present changes in the export market, an improvement in production structures is imperative, whilst the setting up of a fleet intended to regularize and to diversify the catches will probably, in spite of the difficulties of running it, be accelerated by the need to protect local sardine reserves.

Martinique and the Tropical Storm «Dorothy» On August 20 and 21, 1970, the region of Fort de France and the northwest of Martinique was struck by the tropical storm «Dorothy». In this part of Martinique the passage of the storm was marked by exceptionally heavy rains which fell in a few hours, provoking catastrophic landslides and floods, in particular in the low-lying city of Fort de France. Normally, taking into consideration the trajectory of the tempest which was detected on August 17th at 2 000 km. to the E.S.E. of Martinique, the southeast portion of the island should have been struck instead of the northwest. The author seeks the origin of this phenomenon in the changes of the structure of the storm, which led to a very great vertical ascension of clouds and a dislocation of the cloud group upon approaching the island, one part of the tempest passing by the Sainte Lucie Canal, the other part hitting the island in the northern portion, thus sparing the southeast. The conjunction of a meteorological phenomenon and the presence of high mountains explains the abundance of rains in the northwest half of Martinique. The flooding of the center of Fort de France is due to the basin structure of the city and to the deforestation of the slopes, where the agglomeration does not cease to spread.