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Can one election hide the other ? The 1998 cantonal and regional elections in [france's] nord department The coupling in 1998 of the regional and cantonal elections makes it possible to look specifi­cally at a recurrent issue in election analysis, that of the links between two simultaneous votes : should these two elections be considered independently or as linked ? The analysis of the Nord department data proves that each of the two elections was autonomous. Their conco­mitant organization did tend to increase turnout in the regional elections and to de-localize the cantonal elections to some extent. No perceptible effect on results is found at either the departemental level or the cantonal level.

The republic against state propaganda? Creation and failures of the [french] commissariat général à l'information (july 1939-april 19401 The Commissariat general a l'Information presents a quasi-experimental situation to show what the differentiation of an "administration of public opinion" in France owed to the exis­tence of a singular political set up. Its creation in July 1939 appears to result from a transfiguration of the stakes which propaganda represented under the Third Republic, brought about by a sudden change in the political and administrative game. As for its disappearance in April 1940, following a heated debate, it appears symmetrically linked to a transformation of the con­juncture characterized by an exacerbated return to the parliamentary Republic. The creation of an administration and, more generally, of a policy to deal with public opinion in France was due to a whole set of simultaneous transformations of the social definition of the problem, the structure of the administration and the forms of the political game. In the conclusion, the analysis extends to the forms of tension that, for a long time, pitted in France the State against the Republic.

Life and death of a professional identity. the ideology of the iron man in the longwy iron industry basin [france] The purpose of the author is to deconstruct a particular professional identity, that of the Longwy (Meurthe-et-Moselle) basin ironworkers. Presented, as for miners and metalworkers, as the professional embodiment of the working class, the profession was strongly affected in the Longwy area by the 1978 and 1984 Barre and Fabius restructuring plans. Because of the rapid demobilization of the group, it is necessary to look at the constitutive elements of that profes­sional identity, at its hidden weaknesses and the problems of transmission of its values to the new wage earners.

The schuman plan of paul reuter. between national community and european federation Along with Jean Monnet, Paul Reuter was one of the main inspirers of the declaration of 9 May 1950, and an active negotiator of the treaty which was to create the first European Community. The author traces the ideological origins of P. Renter's discourse, both bureaucratic and aca­demic, especially the "technical"/"political" opposition ; he relates its elements to P. Reuter1 s biography and to a series of institutional positions which he connects with his stands. The ana­lysis makes it possible to describe the forms of conversion and transfiguration of the Third Way ideology as well as the "spirit of the 1930s", of which the "European" "Community" is an expression, although that is never recognized. * Ce texte est une version légèrement remaniée d'une contribution présentée aux Journées d'études de Strasbourg, « La question technocratique. De l'invention d'une figure aux transfor­mations de l'action publique », Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg, 13 et 14 novembre 1997. Je tiens ici à en remercier les organisateurs, et particulièrement Delphine Dulong qui a eu la gentillesse de me faire part de ses très constructives observations. Bernard Lacroix a su, quant à lui, m'accorder sa lecture attentive et son actif soutien.