Contenu du sommaire : L'immigration étrangère en Europe occidentale.

Migration between the 21 countries members of the Council of Europe: Searching for the best estimation. The comparison, and thereby the analysis of international migration statistics, are not easy, due to variations in definitions and the coverage of their registration. Any migration should, in principle, give way to a double collection, this having enabled us to confront immigration and emigration matrixes in the frame of the 21 countries of the Council of Europe. Recourse to the method of least squares gives a better estimate of intra-European exchanges.

Careers and brain exchanges: an explanatory framework for international labour migration within Northwest Europe. The migration of workers between the industrial countries of Northwest Europe has received far less attention from data gatherers and researchers than movements to these countries from the Mediterranean. What data are available suggest smaller scale migrations involving people in higher socio-economic groups. An explanatory framework for analysing the geographical pattern of these 'brain exchanges' is proposed, based on the disaggregated nature of the modern labour market, with need to distinguish specific occupational types and to examine their relationships with labour market processes and institutions. It is suggested that a close association exists between the career path of the individual, the nature of the job and the migration demands imposed by the organization and professional staff, especially those moving within multinational organizations.

Galicians in Switzerland: «individual adventure» or collective migration? In Switzerland Galicians make up a permanent work-force numbering about 60 000. A study of their migration would suggest a majority or individual moves depending on the way they were recruted. Yet a closer observation of the migrants as they arrive in Switzerland or leave their original parishes reveals that once he has a permanent job, a Galician invites his family, friends and neighbours to join him thus reconstructing his former family and parochial patterns.

The Algerians in the Grenoble urban area. The image of a monolithic immigration is called into question because of the socio-professionnal and the residential diversity, and the diversity in age and in the length of time they have been in the country. When analysing the practices of the trades people, the young, and the group living in a specific distric among the Algerians in the Grenoble urban area, you can see an appropriation of space which is the subject of risks and struggles as specific to each group as are the systems of material and symbolic exchanges.

Informal and formal networks of the Portuguese community in France. Traditional solidarity networks (pertaining to family, or village community) are very important amongst Portuguese migrants in France. A more specific feature of this group is the exceptionally dense network of institutionalized associations (an inventory led in 1982 to the official figure of 769 associations). The authors report the historical process which led to this pattern of organizations of the Portuguese community. They aim at defining its functions and its importance for keeping on means of expression of cultural identity.

The institutional migratory space: a closed and controled space? The French policy of migration presents a perfect example of an attempt to get immigration State control, by watching over frontier and by searching illegal immigration. This will to control immigration flows is joined with the recognition of a personal status for immigrants who are living in France since a long time, an implied egality of fundamental rights, of social rights, of stay rights and a restriction of deportation cases. But are these aims compatible in fact? Will the control policy slid to ineffectivity or to a repression policy, that will favour new forms of precarity of the aliens situation?

The integration of aliens in large german cities: theoretical framework, empirical views and valuation of a state. The immigration in West Germany, which was temporay at once, became gradually permanent. That fact has not been taken in account in the immigration policy. In spite of the narrowness of the social contacts between aliens and Germans and of the growing rejection of aliens, the claim of integration of the second and third generations will increase. If the chances of social and spatial integration are not used at the municipal level, segregation and conflicts will grow.

Natality of foreigners and intensification of the pluri-ethnicity: the French case. Since the beginning of the century, immigration presents a familial characteristic. Natality within the foreign population has gone through periods of increase and reduction. Today, more than one birth out of ten is of foreign parents, particularly of Algerian, Moroccan and Portuguese parents. The pluri-ethnic feature of French society is thus renforced among the young generation. Births of foreign parents are concentrated in the Eastern part of France, with various combinations of different nationalities in each region. The variety can be found at a local scale in the Paris urban area.