Contenu du sommaire : La saillance et le discours sur le relief
Revue | Revue de Géographie Alpine |
---|---|
Numéro | vol. 104, no 2, 2016 |
Titre du numéro | La saillance et le discours sur le relief |
Texte intégral en ligne | Accessible sur l'internet |
- La saillance et le discours sur le relief - Samia Ounoughi
- Salience and Relief-Related Discourse - Samia Ounoughi
- Du Sublime de la montagne chez Philip James de Loutherbourg et Joseph Mallord William Turner - Aurélie Tremblet Notre analyse du concept de saillance s'appuie sur deux représentations iconographiques du relief alpin. L'une, de Philip James de Loutherbourg (Une Avalanche dans les Alpes, 1803) ; l'autre, de Joseph Mallord William Turner (La Chute d'une Avalanche dans les Grisons, 1810). Cette étude comparative s'accompagne d'une analyse du discours de la saillance, puisque Turner avait joint un poème à son œuvre picturale. Il s'agira ainsi d'étudier le regard que ces deux artistes ont porté sur les Alpes : ce point de vue d'hommes étrangers au relief et dépeignant une même catastrophe naturelle – une avalanche – est-il réductible à la seule représentation du caractère inaccessible et de la dangerosité de tels lieux ?Si les deux toiles présentent des analogies frappantes, révélant l'existence de différentes formes et facteurs de saillance communes aux deux artistes - en écho direct avec la notion esthétique du Sublime, qui vit le jour en Grande-Bretagne au XIXe siècle - ces manifestations visuelles de la saillance semblent posséder des équivalents dans le domaine linguistique. Nous suivons ainsi Frédéric Landragin en tâchant de démontrer que le poème comme les toiles de De Loutherbourg et de Turner constituent des représentations de la saillance reposant sur les deux mêmes mécanismes principaux, trouvant leur essence dans la rupture.Our analysis of the concept of saliency relies on two iconographic representations of Alpine relief. One is from Philip James de Loutherbourg (An Avalanche in the Alps, 1803); the other from Joseph Mallord William Turner (The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons, 1810). This comparative study comes with an analysis of the discourse on saliency as Turner had joined a poem to his pictorial work of art. We will thus study the way both artists have looked upon the Alps: as individuals unfamiliar with mountain relief, and depicting a similar natural disaster —an avalanche—, did they merely focus on the inaccessible and dangerous nature of such places?If there are striking analogies between the two canvases, disclosing the existence of several forms and factors of saliency, common to both artists —and directly echoing the aesthetic notion of the Sublime, which emerged in Great-Britain in the 19thcentury— these visual manifestations of saliency seem to have equivalents in the linguistic field. We thus follow Frédéric Landragin when trying to demonstrate that the poem as well as the paintings by De Loutherbourg and Turner hinge upon the same two main mechanisms, based on disruption.
- The Mountain Sublime of Philip James de Loutherbourg and Joseph Mallord William Turner - Aurélie Tremblet Our analysis of the concept of saliency relies on two iconographic representations of Alpine relief. One is from Philip James de Loutherbourg (An Avalanche in the Alps, 1803); the other from Joseph Mallord William Turner (The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons, 1810). This comparative study comes with an analysis of the discourse on saliency as Turner had joined a poem to his pictorial work of art. We will thus study the way both artists have looked upon the Alps: as individuals unfamiliar with mountain relief, and depicting a similar natural disaster —an avalanche—, did they merely focus on the inaccessible and dangerous nature of such places?If there are striking analogies between the two canvases, disclosing the existence of several forms and factors of saliency, common to both artists —and directly echoing the aesthetic notion of the Sublime, which emerged in Great-Britain in the 19th century— these visual manifestations of saliency seem to have equivalents in the linguistic field. We thus follow Frédéric Landragin when trying to demonstrate that the poem as well as the paintings by De Loutherbourg and Turner hinge upon the same two main mechanisms, based on disruption.
- La topographie selon Ruskin : saillance du visible et du lisible dans Modern Painters - Laurence Roussillon-Constanty Comme l'ont bien montré plusieurs ouvrages critiques récents, l'intérêt que Ruskin a toute sa vie porté à la géologie lui a non seulement permis d'envisager la peinture de la montagne de façon unique mais aussi d'élaborer une théorie de la perception dans laquelle le mouvement et le relief jouent un rôle majeur – théorie qu'il illustra par la suite dans ses propres écrits à travers sa prose poétique.A première vue, le relief est un élément constitutif du paysage facile à saisir visuellement mais difficile à évoquer verbalement. Certaines recherches pionnières récemment menées en linguistique par Frédéric Landragin proposent néanmoins un nouveau dispositif d'analyse nous fournissant le moyen de repérer les modèles récurrents qui régissent le passage du domaine visuel au domaine verbal et sont susceptibles de permettre de mieux cerner le phénomène de « peinture par les mots » (word painting) souvent associé à l'écriture de Ruskin.Par conséquent, il s'agira dans cet article de montrer en quoi les récents travaux menés par Frédéric Landragin sur le parallèle possible entre saillance linguistique et saillance visuelle constituent un moyen d'analyser l'écriture de Ruskin et de montrer comment le relief qu'il souligne à maintes reprises dans la peinture se trouve traduit ou transposé dans sa prose même.As contemporary critics have shown, John Ruskin's lifelong interest in geology not only provided him with a unique understanding of the mountain as a painting subject but also allowed him to develop an idiosyncratic theory of perception where movement and salience prevail – a theory he then applied to his often memorable prose.At first sight, salience is one feature of landscape that one can easily visually apprehend but much less easily account for in prose writing. However, recent research in linguistics may offer a new model for investigations and the means to identify recurrent patterns serving to highlight the transaction from the visual to the verbal and better qualify the writer's “word painting”. More specifically, Frédéric Landragin's investigations on the relation between linguistic and visual salience may allow us to explore Ruskin's prose further and see how the visual salience he noted in painting carries over in his own writing. Applying the salience model to Ruskin's prose might therefore prove a new way to uncover some of the more elusive and distinctive features of his writing.
- Of Ruskinian Topography: Visible and Legible Salience in Modern Painters - Laurence Roussillon-Constanty As contemporary critics have shown, John Ruskin's lifelong interest in geology not only provided him with a unique understanding of the mountain as a painting subject but also allowed him to develop an idiosyncratic theory of perception where movement and salience prevail – a theory he then applied to his often memorable prose. At first sight, salience is one feature of landscape that one can easily visually apprehend but much less easily account for in prose writing. However, recent research in linguistics may offer a new model for investigations and the means to identify recurrent patterns serving to highlight the transaction from the visual to the verbal and better qualify the writer's “word painting”. More specifically, Frédéric Landragin's investigations on the relation between linguistic and visual salience may allow us to explore Ruskin's prose further and see how the visual salience he noted in painting carries over in his own writing. Applying the salience model to Ruskin's prose might therefore prove a new way to uncover some of the more elusive and distinctive features of his writing.
- L'ascension de l'artiste dans The Mountain and the Valley (1952) d'Ernest Buckler - André Dodeman Avec son premier roman The Mountain and the Valley (1952), l'écrivain canadien Ernest Buckler s'inscrit dans une longue tradition du Künstlerrroman dont l'une des grandes figures à l'époque des modernistes reste James Joyce et son A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Tout comme Joyce qui remet le genre au goût du jour, Buckler décide d'aborder les affres du jeune artiste et son désir de s'arracher à la tradition et à la vie à la campagne. The Mountain and the Valley décrit le développement intellectuel de David Canaan, un jeune personnage doué d'une sensibilité artistique qui l'isole du reste de sa communauté de la vallée de l'Annapolis, une vallée qui se trouve dans l'arrière-pays de la province canadienne de la Nouvelle Ecosse. L'histoire se déroule dans le village d'Entremont qui, comme son nom l'indique, est cerné par deux montagnes dont les contours enferment et isolent les personnages dans une routine qui résiste au temps et au progrès. Les montagnes au nord et au sud d'Entremont ne font pas qu'enfermer les personnages dans une cyclicité paysanne ; elles bornent le récit de David Canaan qui commence et se termine avec l'ascension de la « South Mountain », la montagne sur laquelle il trouvera une mort prématurée à l'âge de trente ans.Cet article visera à étudier la relation entre l'image de la montagne, l'intrigue du roman et l'écriture en tant qu'activité créatrice que l'écrivain remet sans cesse en question. L'écriture est-elle la seule manière de représenter l'émergence et la singularité d'un artiste qui s'éveille à sa propre conscience ? Il s'agira de voir comment la montagne vient structurer non seulement une intrigue, mais aussi une écriture rendue saillante au contact d'une vision monolithique de la montagne. Par conséquent, la saillance sera comprise ici comme mise en relief dans le texte d'un éveil à la conscience qui reste indissociable de l'espace géographique dans lequel le protagoniste évolue. Le discours sur le relief mène inéluctablement dans le roman vers un discours sur l'émergence de la conscience.With his first novel, The Mountain and the Valley (1952), Canadian writer Ernest Buckler chose to stay true to the longstanding tradition of the Künstlerroman, best illustrated by one of the greatest modernist writers of the twentieth century, James Joyce and his A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Like Joyce who chose to revisit the genre, Buckler decided to write about the throes of a young artist who seeks to escape from tradition and life in the country. The Mountain and the Valley relates the intellectual coming of age of David Canaan, a young character whose artistic sensitivity sets him apart from the rest of his community in the Annapolis Valley, a valley in the Nova Scotian hinterland of Canada. The story is set in the small town of Entremont which, as its very name suggests, is surrounded by two mountains that isolate and confine the characters to a life of routine and deny them access to time and progress. The North and South Mountains do not merely enclose the characters in the seasonal life of the farmer, they frame the narrative of David Canaan that begins and concludes with the ascent of the South Mountain where he dies prematurely at the age of thirty. This article will study the relationship between the image of the mountain, the plotline and the very act of writing itself as a creative process that the writer constantly interrogates. Is writing the only way to represent the emergence and uniqueness of a writer who is awakening to his own consciousness? I will try to explain how the mountain not only shapes the novel, but also a text made salient through contact with a seeming monolithic mountain. As a result, salience will be understood as the emphasis laid on the artist's awakening, an awakening that cannot be studied separately from the geographical space the protagonist inhabits. Relief-related discourse will inevitably lead to discourse related to the awakening to one's own consciousness.
- The Ascent of the Artist in Ernest Buckler's The Mountain and the Valley (1952) - André Dodeman With his first novel, The Mountain and the Valley (1952), Canadian writer Ernest Buckler chose to stay true to the longstanding tradition of the Künstlerroman, best illustrated by one of the greatest modernist writers of the twentieth century, James Joyce and his A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Like Joyce who chose to revisit the genre, Buckler decided to write about the throes of a young artist who seeks to escape from tradition and life in the country. The Mountain and the Valley relates the intellectual coming of age of David Canaan, a young character whose artistic sensitivity sets him apart from the rest of his community in the Annapolis Valley, a valley in the Nova Scotian hinterland of Canada. The story is set in the small town of Entremont which, as its very name suggests, is surrounded by two mountains that isolate and confine the characters to a life of routine and deny them access to time and progress. The North and South Mountains do not merely enclose the characters in the seasonal life of the farmer, they frame the narrative of David Canaan that begins and concludes with the ascent of the South Mountain where he dies prematurely at the age of thirty. This article will study the relationship between the image of the mountain, the plotline and the very act of writing itself as a creative process that the writer constantly interrogates. Is writing the only way to represent the emergence and uniqueness of a writer who is awakening to his own consciousness? I will try to explain how the mountain not only shapes the novel, but also a text made salient through contact with a seeming monolithic mountain. As a result, salience will be understood as the emphasis laid on the artist's awakening, an awakening that cannot be studied separately from the geographical space the protagonist inhabits. Relief-related discourse will inevitably lead to discourse related to the awakening to one's own consciousness.
- « Relief » et « montagne » : les enseignants de l'école élémentaire confrontés à la mise en mots et en images de la saillance - Alexandra Baudinault Comment entrent aujourd'hui en résonnance les géographies enfantines de la montagne alpine, en particulier en contexte urbain et dans un milieu non montagnard, avec les savoirs scolaires sur la montagne transmis, construits et mis en œuvre grâce à un ensemble de dispositifs icono-textuels (manuels, diaporamas, fiches d'activités, ressources numériques, globes virtuels…) par les enseignants de l'école élémentaire (du CP au CM2). Quels sont les choix opérés par les enseignants pour dire et montrer la saillance à des élèves qui ne la perçoivent que par des médiations, pour la plupart en dehors du cadre scolaire et dans un contexte touristique (vacances éventuelles à la montagne, puissance de images publicitaires, des albums jeunesse, des dessins animés…). Quels discours sur la montagne s'élaborent ainsi et comment participent-ils à la construction d'une réalité culturelle et spatiale ? L'article repose sur l'analyse de manuels, de séances de classe et de ressources numériques utilisées par les enseignants.In this paper my goal is to indicate how children's geographies of the alpine mountain resonate with academic knowledge about the mountain. The aim is to show how teachers of primary school students (aged 6 to 11) use the words “relief” and “mountain”. How do they explain and show salience to their students, who perceive the mountain only through mediation in the form of pictures, illustrations, drawings or movies? What kind of discourses regarding the mountain do they develop, and how do these discourses contribute to building a cultural and spatial reality? This paper is based on an analysis of school textbooks (from the 1970s to the present day), classroom observations and digital resources created and used by teachers.
- “Relief” and “Mountains”: Primary School Teachers Confronted with Discursive and Visual Framing of Salience - Alexandra Baudinault In this paper my goal is to indicate how children's geographies of the alpine mountain resonate with academic knowledge about the mountain. The aim is to show how teachers of primary school students (aged 6 to 11) use the words “relief” and “mountain”. How do they explain and show salience to their students, who perceive the mountain only through mediation in the form of pictures, illustrations, drawings or movies? What kind of discourses regarding the mountain do they develop, and how do these discourses contribute to building a cultural and spatial reality? This paper is based on an analysis of school textbooks (from the 1970s to the present day), classroom observations and digital resources created and used by teachers.
- Saillance et cécité : parcours haptique sur le Mont Gins - Marie-Dominique Garnier Cet article suit une improbable ligne de crête entre architecture, géographie et linguistique, entre les bords optiques et haptiques du concept de saillance, à travers une lecture de l'essai de trans-biographie intitulé Helen Keller or Arakawa (1994) par Madeline Gins. Dans un chapitre intitulé « Ou bien des montagnes, ou bien des lignes », toute proéminence envisagée depuis l'angle de vue d'une personne qui voit cède le pas, sous condition de cécité, à des points de bascule, des zones de tâtonnement stylistique, à une « faillance » ou défaillance du mot ou de la syntaxe. La saillance, revue selon les termes d'une perception en aveugle où les montagnes sont, pour Helen Keller, des masses vaporeuses et mobiles, conduit à une écriture faite de tâtonnements et à ce que j'appelle ici une « faillance » discursive : défaut de stabilité des référents discursifs, réversibilité inquiétante des lignes syntaxiques articulées par exemple au point de bascule d'une forme en « -ing ». L'écriture de Gins mobilise une saisie tactile, une cathexis haptique du monde par le langage. Afin de faciliter l'accès à une perception « défaillante », Gins fait transiter ses lecteurs par la description de la manière dont le cartographe aveugle William Prescott aborde stylistiquement la Cordillère des Andes, perçue comme rhizome mobile et non comme ensemble de points saillants fixes. Pour une vision (en) aveugle, cartographier signifie construire à partir de lignes d'erre autant que lignes d'air.This paper attempts to follow an improbable ridge line between architecture, geography and linguistics, between the optic and haptic ends of the concept of salience, through a reading of Helen Keller Or Arakawa, Madeline Gins's 1994 essay-cum-joint-biography partly devoted to “salience” approached through the blind figure of Helen Keller (1880-1968). In a chapter titled “Or Mountains Or Lines”, prominent features envisaged from a sighted perception give way, under the condition of blindness, to saddle-points, swivel-areas and moments of stylistic tentativeness when words and/or syntax begins to fail. Salience, revisited through Keller's apprehension of mountains as vaporous and mobile masses, leads to tentativeness in writing and to what I here call “failience” in discourse: the failure to stabilise discursive referents, the unsettling reversibility of syntactic lines based, for example, on the swivel-point of an “-ing” form. At work in Gins's writing is the invention of a cathectic, tactile grasp of the world through langage. In order to ease access to a “faulty” perception, Gins invites her readers to transit through the writing of blind cartographer William Prescott, in particular through his “tactile”, linear mapping of the Andes Cordillera, approached as a mobile rhizome rather than as a collection of fixed, “raised” points. Mapping, under conditions of blindness, implies wander lines as much as lines of (thin) air.
- Salience and Blindness: A Haptic Hike on Gins Mountain - Marie-Dominique Garnier This paper attempts to follow an improbable ridge line between architecture, geography and linguistics, between the optic and haptic ends of the concept of salience, through a reading of Helen Keller Or Arakawa, Madeline Gins's 1994 essay-cum-joint-biography partly devoted to “salience” approached through the blind figure of Helen Keller (1880-1968). In a chapter titled “Or Mountains Or Lines”, prominent features envisaged from a sighted perception give way, under the condition of blindness, to saddle-points, swivel-areas and moments of stylistic tentativeness when words and/or syntax begins to fail. Salience, revisited through Keller's apprehension of mountains as vaporous and mobile masses, leads to tentativeness in writing and to what I here call “failience” in discourse: the failure to stabilise discursive referents, the unsettling reversibility of syntactic lines based, for example, on the swivel-point of an “-ing” form. At work in Gins's writing is the invention of a cathectic, tactile grasp of the world through langage. In order to ease access to a “faulty” perception, Gins invites her readers to transit through the writing of blind cartographer William Prescott, in particular through his “tactile”, linear mapping of the Andes Cordillera, approached as a mobile rhizome rather than as a collection of fixed, “raised” points. Mapping, under conditions of blindness, implies wander lines as much as lines of (thin) air.