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French National Research Policy and Global Environmental Risk:Action by the Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (DGRST) to Support Atmospheric ‟Science of the Stratosphere” in Response to the ‟Ozone Crisis” (1976-1981)The ‟ozone crisis” transformed atmospheric science. Politically, it led to a reconfiguration of international discussions on the environment, a change that has now been well documented. But how did the question of chlorofluorocarbon pollution (CFC) impact relations between scientific experts and politicians in France during the 1970s? What were the whys and wherefores of the support that French specialists of the stratosphere received during the first phase of the crisis? We study the archives of the DGRST (Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; the state-created science and technology research agency of the time, charged with coordinating government, research institute, and university research), which proved a key vector of that support as it was instrumental in setting up a ‟concerted action” (CA) on the physical-chemical properties of the stratosphere (1976-1981). The archive material clarifies how the need for international cooperation interacted with national sovereignty issues in connection with a global environmental crisis, while enabling us to analyze the content of interactions between scientific and political decision-makers within the CA framework. While the CA greatly bolstered research power, it also seems to have been an important locus for defining ‟useful research”, a space where researchers were directly confronted with the wishes and expectations of the political authorities.

Eco-Citizenship: From Norm to Practice. Social Position, Material Constraints and Diverse Relationships toward Eco-CitizenshipSince the 1990s, an increasing number of policies designed to raise awareness of environmental protection has contributed to the emergence of a ‟norm of eco-citizenship”. Aware of the need for individual action to protect the environment, eco-citizens are expected to change their consumption and domestic practices to make them more sustainable. Using data from the ‟Survey on Households' Environmental Practices” (EPEM) of 2016 (CGDD/SDeS), this article studies the extent and nature of the conformity of the French population with this norm. The spread of these prescribed attitudes and practices is not homogenous; individuals who care about the environment do not change all aspects of their lifestyle. Instead, their everyday relationships toward environmental protection take two forms: environmental gestures¼which includes practices at the heart of awareness¼raising campaigns; and environmental frugality, which is the manifestation of a low level of integration into consumer society. Though infrequent, some configurations of practices and attitudes nevertheless combine both these forms of everyday environmentalism, suggesting the existence¼or the emergence¼of an environmental habitus not only among highly-educated urban people, but also groups that are predominantly women, less well-off, and living alone.

Coproducing the Rules of the Game. State, Insurance and Private Equity in France During the 1990s
In this article, corporate law is understood as an agonistic process of rule coproduction by representatives of the public authorities and representatives of private interests. Because of the asymmetric interdependence between agents exercising their power to institute rules, including those that regulate capital accumulation, and financial intermediaries competing for the means of capital allocation, a private equity tax exemption (DSK insurance) was implemented in France in the late 1990s. Our approach¼more satisfactory than traditional approaches that conceptualize the state as either a neutral guarantor of the public interest or a mere instrument of capitalists¼makes it possible to account in detail for rivalries among financiers and fundamental disagreements between central administrations, ministry offices, and elected officials. Those antagonisms indicate that legal rules and their uses are not situated outside economic activity but are instead constitutive of how companies turn a profit. In business, setting the rules of the game is part of the game.

Police Organizations and the Rise of New Public Management: Performance Regimes in Paris and London
To what extent are quantitative instruments and performance indicators changing police governance? Based on a qualitative research conducted within the Paris Préfecture de Police and London's Metropolitan Police Service, this article examines the effects of New Public Management techniques on two aspects of police work: organizational relationships (the capacity of managers to exert control over operational activities vs. increased autonomy) and the nature of the police mandate (a focus simply on fighting crime vs. a broader approach to the police mandate). In sum, these techniques principally revive bureaucratic forms of control¼albeit updated by new technology and managerial techniques of a certain sophistication¼and lead to a relative rise in tensions within the organization. However, the management styles and types of performance indicators used differ: in both police forces, acclimatizing to New Public Management involves reinventing traditional models.