Contenu du sommaire

I. Bertaux-Wiame Setting up Bakery shop. Craftsman bakery hardly survives in very few industrialized countries, even among agricultural ones. It could never reproduce itself in France and overcome the threat of powerful industrial bread factories with bakers' sons taking up their fathers'businesses only exceptionnally, since they can avail themselves of easier upward social mobility opportunities : fortunately, there exists at least one social category for which craftsman bakery represents the only way to social rise : the salaried bakery workers. But they could not set up before acquiring a wife that decides to share her husband's condition.

D. Mehl The political culture of voluntary associations. A synopsis of affluent writings devoted to associations reveals that a common political culture underlies the action of the varied recently created associations. Very paradoxically, it is a non-political political culture, setting associations half way between state and civil society, opening the field of social conflicts to new issues, and that can be consi¬ dered as channeling salaried and well educated new middle classes' class-self-consciousness.

A. Lemoyne About contract urban research : A contribution to a sociology of scholars' roles and resources. A paper resorting to the functionalist theory, on the profession of contract social scientist in the field of urban research, with special reference to the way researchers, research-projects managers and decision makers interact. The several actors will combine diversely the more or less compatible roles they have to play. Hirschman's concepts — Voice, Exit, Loyalty — are applied to the matter in discussion.

D. Vidal On sect : a coming back to the letter. It is not true that sects originate from out the decay of big churches. Rather, they will arise from against prophetic movements, that appear in times of social collapse and havoc in culture, religion and sense, and that aim at interiorizing and expressing such crumbling, being them¬ selves nonsense tellers. Against the vertigo of disorder, sects will restore order by enforcing formal compliance to the letter of Holy Scriptures. The demonstration of such a thesis finds support on a historical case, that of French Cevennes prophets having emigrated to London at the beginning of the XYIIIth century, where their movement was not able to prevent an English sect-breeding movement from emerging. In fact the topic is not so much analysing the genesis of sect from out prophetism, as commenting on the reasons alleged by sect orators against prophetism : a comment on historically situated speeches, rather than a sociological or historical analysis of conditions leading from pro¬ phetism to sect.