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Life Histories, Family History. Households and extended families of Mexicain migrants in the United States This study explores several statistical sources, combines demographie analysis and anthropological observation to examine the transformation of the Mexican family living in the United States. We initiate with a comparison of the Mexican households in Mexico and the United States in 1990, according to their composition and considering the relationships between the members. Next, we introduce two temporal scales: historical time and the course of the household formation. But the extended family dimension of the migration is not within the scope of census statistics; they do not seize either the interaction between the family biographies (union, reproduction) and the professional and migratory calendars. Questions that will be tackled by a specifie statistical survey and interviews with the migrants.

This article presents the monographic study of a family network that extends over two spaces : the city of Grasse in the South of France and the city of Tunis. It shows how this network was elaborated during the migration in a two way process : an actively fostered separation with the external word, thanks especially to an intense practice of family endogamy, and a constant work of reformulation of the collective links inside the family, furthering the integration of various material and symbolic interests inside a common framework. Far for being the mere transposition of a traditional village organization, this arrangement of the social relations along family Unes allows the members to take full advantage of the resources provided by their mobility inside a transnational space.

Because of significant international emigration, Mali and particularly its capital city Bamako, are affected by investment projects from abroad. This paper considers the role of emigrants in real estate property markets and how it conditions the build-up of urban residential property. From the demand for parcels of land, to the different categories of property available on the market, unequally open to distant pressures, comparing the internal and external clienteles highlights the different economic hierarchies and the innovative ways of accessing the market which distinguish the elite property owners of the big cities. This comparison also points out a few parallels between the various geographical patterns of emigration and the political lobbying to gain access to available land. Nevertheless, the inadequacies of the property markets, the risk of repatriated savings being mishandled or diverted and several difficult homecoming experiences prove that the coherence of these Malians "from the outside," who are urged to invest in the national economy, is rather limited.

In order to study the impact of international migration on the productive Systems of host regions, the attempt must be made, in particular, to describe and understand how competencies (skills) are transferred, how they adjust and influence productive processes of firms and how a change in professional and socio-cultural environment can upgrade/degrade immigrants' qualifications. From a dynamic point of view, we take an interest in the processes of adjustment interacting between an immigrant and a work environment and in the phenomena of qualification/deskilling which resuit therefrom.

In the matrimonial arrangement of the young immigrants or children of immigrants, choosing a partner from the home country remains the choice of a minority. This option is more common for those who belong to national groups (Turks or Moroccans) whose immigration is relatively recent. The children of immigrants still represent for the nationals of these countries, possible and even interesting prospective partners on the matrimonial market. More over, the new bonds forged in the host country with compatriots offer possibililies of new alliances in the homeland. This type of marriage, arranged most of the time, strengthens the cultural identity of the group as well as the social bond with the country of origin and even ihe familial ties. It's relate to individual and/or familial strategies which are based on identity stakes as well as social and economic interests. The ways of selecting a partner range from the form closest to the custom, which is the prescribed marriage to the most individualised form, the personal choice, in-between are the intermediary form s of the arranged marriage with the consent of the prospective partners and the personal choice with the approval of the parents. The dominant factors of the choice are the parental affiliations, the ethnic and geographic origins and the religious background. The values which determine the choice originale from the home country and the aspirations are connected to the residential society. Choosing a partner from the home country entails negotiations between parents and children which must partially satisfy the interests of both parties. Evolutions that may be observed rcflect the process of acculturation.

In this contribution, the evolution of some aspects of matrimonial practices of Turkish and Moroccan minorities in Belgium are discussed. More precisely, we treat the degree of liberty in partner choice, consanguineous marriages and the characteristics of marriages with partners from the country of origin. The most striking tendency in the results is the important evolution towards greater freedom in partner choice in one generation time. For as far as forced marriages were common in the immigrant communities, this marriage form abated in the second generation to a marginal phenomenon. To the extent that the results suggest a continuation of traditional matrimonial practices (i.e. consanguineous marriages and arranged marriages), they are often related to the creation of new migration possibilities, within the context of the current restrictive migration policies. It is, however, not only the continuing emigration pressure in the countries of origin that fosters cross-border marriages. Migrants (and children of migrants) thcmselves may have their reasons to marry someone from the country of origin as well. A marriage with someone from the country of origin, both the husband and wife who 'imports' a partner reinforces his or her position of power in the household.

This article presents the approach and the principal results of a history thesis concerned with Italian migrants to Paris and the processes of their integration. The research is based on a comparative study of two neighbourhoods in Paris itself and two districts in the capital's eastern suburbs. The analysis traces over nearly a century of migration, between the late nineteenth century and the 1960s, the constitution, growth and then disappearance of these 'italo-parisian territories'. The processes of integration are analysed through the evolution of these territories within the context of the popular neighbourhoods of Paris in these years.

The arrival of African sailors to Marseilles at the beginning of the 20th century, and their settling in its working-class neighbourhoods, laid the found for social and territorial organisation that is still perceptible today. After or at the same time as other migrants, these seamen left their mark in the Phocaean city. While the Alcazar theatre and its environs have been destroyed and their usage transformed, Africans continue to occupy this space, using it as a meeting place and maintaining an emotional relationship with the territory. From the places they frequent to the commercial activities they have generated, the new generations of migrants have followed in the footsteps of the earlier seafaring pioneers. Restaurant owners, peddlers, managers of hair salons, import-export agents, these African nationals connect the central neighbourhoods of Marseilles (Noailles, Belsunce and the Joliette) and reinforce their position in international trade, linking Marseilles, Paris, London, Naples, Dakar and Abidjan.

In 1931, the Socialist deputies in the French National Assembly propose a law to limit the number of foreigners in France, in order to slow unemployment and find a solution to the economic crisis. A fraction of public opinion is shocked by this text, which feeds the already existent xenophobia. On behalf of the Communists, Jacques Doriot speaks out in the parliamentary assembly on November 20, 1931 ; he accuses the SFIO (SFIO, Societe francaise de F internationale ouvriere, the name that designated to French Socialist party from 1905-1971) of playing the nationalist game. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers Society (Societe des ouvriers polonais) writes to Leon Blum, worried to see the constitutive values of the French nation so openly flouted. Even so, the arguments opposing the proposed law are not without their own biases : the Communists squarely reject another proposai confirming the objective alliance between the SFIO and capitalism. The Polish organisation, politically moderate and supported by the employers, in the guise of a humanist attitude, tries to draw a distinction between "good foreigners" and "undesirables", whether they be French or not. Certainly, as evidenced by their proposal, the Socialists do not escape the commonplace accusation that foreigners are the cause of unemployment. Nevertheless, in the proposed law, they also defend other, truly socialist arguments : the employers are responsible for the crisis of capitalism and of its social consequences ; to avoid future tragedies, the labour market must be tightly controlled and rationalised. Finally, a law is passed on August 10, 1932 : of the original proposition, only the idea of quotas for foreign workers in companies is retained. Yet, by handling the question of "national preference" without much precaution, and mirroring nearly the entire political class, did the SFIO not play with fire, endangering the Republic ?

This article focuses on the Swedish immigrants who settled in Western Australia between 1830 and 1930. In keeping with their ancestors' tendency to adjust to widely different cultural environments, the first Swedes who tried their luck in Australia adapted rapidly to their new homeland. Thanks to their ancestral seafaring tradition, the Scandinavian voyagers were among the first Europeans who discovered Terra Australis Incognita in 1642 and 1778. They were also among the first settlers « Down Under » in the XIXth century. When the British authorities sent the first pioneers to Western Australia to found the so-called « Swan River Colony » in 1830, there were five Swedish servants among the settlers. Then, in the 1850's, as trade developed between Australia and Scandinavia, Swedish vessels started to stop in Australia on a regular basis and the country became a possible destination for would be immigrants. During the gold rush in the 1880's and 1890's, Swedes made for the gold fields in the northern and the central parts of Western Australia. Even when Perth and Fremantle became major trade centers, the Swedish pioneers still yielded to the call of adventure in the outback. At that time, the Swedes of Australia were of two kinds: either they remained in urban areas and became successful businessmen, or they lived as free spirits in the bush. Both kinds became integrated in the Australian culture, as their tendency to anglicise their names goes to show. Although they adjusted apparently quite well to the Australian way of life, they did not forget their native culture. When the communities became big enough, they started social clubs and tried to keep Swedish traditions alive. Their tendency to adjust while retaining their cultural specificities remains up till now the main characteristic of the Swedish communities.