Contenu du sommaire

Études et essais

• Processus de formation d'une classe sociale dans une société africaine précapitaliste. - Roger Botte p. 605-626
  R. Botte — ~~Social class formation in an African pre-capitalist society~~. In pre-colonial Burundi unequal economic relations, stemming especially from Mehrarbeit bound with landholding, allow for the appearance of a landless peasantry—i.e. a social class. Economic processes, based on the king's political control of landrights, may lead to dispossession, insofar as the control of men— expressed in actual ~~Mehrarbeit~~ is fundamentally based upon the control of land. ~~Mehrarbeit~~, especially in war, makes for subjects' reproduction qua freemen or self-sustaining peasants. Its refusai, demonstrated by the deliberate relinquishing of land and freedom, appears as an expression of antagonistic social relationships. When a landless peasant (~~umushumba~~) enters the service of a master (~~shebuja~~) this constitutes both a class- and a person-to-person relationship. According to the dominant ideology the ~~mushumba~~ becomes both a 'son', due to his introduction into the field of kinship/production relationships, and a useless person, insofar as his refusai of Mehrarbeit expresses his refusai to ensure the reproduction of the social system.
• La magie à l'école. - Jean-Marie Gibbal p. 627-650
  J.-M. Gibbal — ~~Magies at School~~. Secondary school pupils in Ivory Coast small towns still adhere to the world view and ideology of the rural milieu, despite their immersion in a school System based on modem (or Western) values. Hence their tendency to explain in terms of magical or witcheraft practices most school-life incidents, and espe-cially success and/or failure in exams and competition. It seems that, to a large extent, this kind of divorce between village (traditional) and school (modem) world views is explainable by the very contents of secondary school programs, a carbon copy of the French ones, with little or no relevance to the African environment.
• La tortue et le léopard chez les Fang du Gabon (Hypothèse de travail sur les contes traduits). - Jean-Émile Mbot p. 651-670
  J.-E. Mbot — ~~Tortoise and Leopard among the Gabonese Fang: An Hypothesis about Translated Folktales~~. Most studies of African folktales are based upon translations which have the advantage of allowing thematic comparisons between various societies. Nevertheless a real understanding of any of these tales must needs be based upon an 'ecological' approach, i.e. one taking into account the particular meaning of a general theme in a given social context.
• Ceerno Muhamadu Sayid Baa ou Le soufisme intégral de Madiina Gunaas (Sénégal). - Yaya Wane p. 671-698
  Y. Wane — ~~Ceerno Muhamadu Sayid Baa : Intégral Sufism at Madiina Gunaas (Sénégal)~~. A study of an agricultural Moslem community of the tijani order in Sénégal, with an interview of its main leader.
• Subsistence to Cash : Economic Change in Rural Kiambu. - Ronald A. Bullock p. 699-714
  De l'économie de subsistance à l'économie de marché : transformations économiques dans le district rural de Kiambu. Étude différentielle des transformations économiques récentes dans un district Kikuyu du Kenya. Influence des aliénations foncières, de la pression démographique, de la proximité des centres urbains. Critères d'évolution et signes extérieurs de changements.
• Population Density and Rural Market Provision. - L. J. Wood p. 715-726
  L. J. Wood — Densité de population et marchés ruraux. Étude de la relation entre densité de population et distribution géographique des marchés ruraux à partir de matériaux kenyans. Le plus ou moins grand nombre des sites de marché paraît directement lié à la densité (sauf dans les zones d'exploitation européenne), la modernisation agricole paraissant en faire diminuer le nombre. Une comparaison avec la Chine pré-communiste paraît permettre de généraliser ces observations.
• Un exemple d'urbanisation en Afrique occidentale : Dassa-Zoumé (Dahomey). - Alain Morel p. 727-748
  A. Morel —~~ Dassa-Zoumé (Central Dahomey) : An Exemple of Urbanization in West Africa~~. The Yoruba town of Igbo-Idasa (= Dassa-Zoumé on the French maps) has developed mainly in the last forty years. Despite the high proportion of farmers among its inhabitants (there is a farm belt spreading as far as 40 km from the city core), it has developed real urban functions in the economic, political and administrative fields, providing both trade and services for the neighbouring district.

Chronique bibliographique

• Problèmes de la personne. - Françoise Michel-Jones p. 749-752
• African Linguistics : London and Paris Trends. - Pius Hasha p. 753-755

• Analyses et comptes rendus

  • Cohen, David William. - The Historical Tradition of Busoga : Muhama and Kintu - Messiant Christine p. 756
  • Duprat, Gérard. - Révolution et autogestion rurale en Algérie - Le Pape Marc p. 756-757
  • Hake James M. - Child-Rearing Practices in Northern Nigeria - Lallemand Suzanne p. 757-758
  • Hopkins, A. G. - An Economic History of West Africa - Ormières Jean-Louis p. 758-759
  • Lacroix, Pierre-Francis, ed. - L'expression du temps dans quelques langues de l'Ouest africain (Études lexicales) - Lallemand Suzanne p. 759-760
  • Lehuard, Raoul. - Statuaire du Stanley Pool. Contribution à l'étude des arts et techniques des peuples téké, lari, bernbé, sundi et bwendé de la République Populaire du Congo - Paulme Denise p. 760
  • Makouta-Mboukou, Jean-Pierre. - Le français en Afrique noire (Histoire et méthodes de l'enseignement du français en Afrique noire) - Dacher Michèle p. 760-761
  • Marcus, Harold. - The Modem History of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa : A Select and Annotated Bibliography - Aghassian Michel p. 761-762
  • Markowitz, Marvin D. - Cross and Sword : The Political Role of Christian Missions in the Belgian Congo, 1908-1960 - Dacher Michèle p. 762
  • Perrois, Louis. - La statuaire fang, Gabon - Messiant Christine p. 762-763
  • Raynaut, Claude. - Structures normatives et relations électives. Étude d'une communauté villageoise haoussa - Lallemand Suzanne p. 763
  • Stewart, C.C. with Stewart, E. K. - Islam and Social Order in Mauritania : A Case Study from the Nineteenth Century - Copans Jean p. 764
• Ouvrages reçus - p. 765-767

Index. Cahiers 53 à 56