Contenu du sommaire : Jeunes et mobilité urbaine.

Young people and urban mobilities - This paper concerns young people urban mobilities and focuses on the geographical mobilities, leaving out the social, professional and work mobilities corresponding to other approaches Of course these forms of mobility supply the former ones and the cities, including the largest ones, are confronted to more and more migrations. Urban mobility is a topical question and many people maintain that young people benefit from these movements. But in fact the situations are more complex and between a wandering or a forced sedentary life, the planning of the towns must be thought in terms of openness and mobility.

Self-organised sporting places and movements in the cities - Self-organised sports practices developed in the French cities in the early 80' s. Based on normative concepts these practises have often been perceived as inferior forms of the social link. But an anthropological study shows the wealth and complexity of these practices, considering their ties with forms of sociabilities and citizenship and their distinctive use of cities and development of territories. Unlike what has been said, self-organised sports practices reflect ways to be, to act and to represent the world which are common to young people. It is the expression of youth culture, characterized by the passing from an activity to the other, in regular attendance and by a desire to share common emotions together in the same place. The city becomes a tangle of territories in which the movements are organised towards the different places of activitiy. The development and setting up of sporting equipments must be in phase with this logic in order to avoid under-occupied or totally deserted equipments.

Suburban youth and African solidarity - Youth workers from the Floirac collective (in the Bordeaux suburb) present three projects of assistance in direction of Burkina Faso, they have been realised with the participation of young people, on the initiative of a local association and the Floirac municipality. Both educative and humanitarian, these projects take shape in the building of a free health centre, a school, a maternity hospital and housing in Burkinabe villages. So that young people get the opportunity to experience their first professional insertion leading sometimes to qualified training, open-mindedness toward •the other” and collective work.

From the district to the city : The mobility of young people born from immigration This paper sets out to show that the mobility of young people born from immigration starts in the district, on the mode of appropriation of the residential public space to reach an other stage with the appropriation of the whole town.

Nomadic equipments in the social framework - JA new social and spatial control of youth appeared ten years ago. It started in France with militant cultural activities in the 60' s and in North America with the variegated vehicles of the Beat Generation. Facing the emergence of new forms of marginality in the city, busses have been specifically converted. The prime interest for these spaces of mediation derives from the mobility which is the new feature of urban animation. The social cohesion remains at stake for this new generation of light equipments acting against segregation and the appropriation of territories by some groups.

Young people, RER, and social registration of mobilities - When there is an interest for the public transports network in Ile-de-France, people focus on young people, refering to them on the mode of intrusion, quoting fraud and violence. Beyond that first established fact, the regional network can be considered as a meeting place for young people and an experimental place for the institutions elaborating new landmarks based on common values of fluidity, speed and autonomy. It appears that juvenile cultures have symbolically appropriated the regional network even though the practices of mobility are still dominated by the logics of precariousness. Therefore the urban socialisation of young people is a complex phenomenon, with on one hand, the institutions hesitating between police and policy of youth and on the other hand, the young users similarly hesitating between intrusion and appropriation.

Go and get lost... Social and geographical trajectories of youth in Québec streets - In Québec, young people living in the streets know a history made of violence, desertion and in total rupture with the institutions. They are in quest of a mythical somewhere in an attempt to appropriate a social existence they could not get in their native environment. Unable to build a coherent and satisfactory self-image, many of them have no stable geographical location. This wandering mobility constrains them to live in an endless •no man's land” in transgression with the customary use of the public and private spaces. Prisoners of a public social and spatial margin becoming more and more regulated and narrowing from year to year, they have two options : revolt or withdrawal..

Mobility and urban violences - If mobility encourages the weakening of social controls, inhibitory of deviant behaviours and stimulates normative conflicts generating a loss of identity, it also tends to compensate the effects of a ghetto situation developing in the districts struck by explosions of urban violence. It reveals the values of change and gives the tools for the construction of identity. This ambivalence appears in the setting of preventive policies and in dealing with maladjustement and juvenile delinquency, in balance with the educative exhaltation of nomadism and the injunction for a sedentary security.

Objects of adolescence - After having distinguished three psychic functions of objects (reality objects, psychic objects and me objects) the author sets out to demonstrate the importance for the subject in question, i. e the adolescent, of real objects. Using examples (the fate of objects of delinquency, the importance of objects which make up the •look”, the pathos or success of objects created by the adolescent) he stresses the need to pay attention to the relation of the adolescent towards these various objects, for at a time when words become acts, it is through the use of such objects that the adolescent clearly expresses his innermost subjective position.

The voluntary commitment of students in a school support project with the Secours Catholique - In the eighties, many volunteers, including young students were heavily engaged in school support projects. Refuting comments on the apathy of young people with regard to active involvement in the issues of society this movement stood for a new form of civic participation. Combining altruism and the volunteers'quest for personal satisfaction, collective involvement and withdrawal from •private” realms of activity, this new kind of volunteering reveals an ongoing transformation of collective activities. This article seeks to describe and define this new dynamic, which even if it does not spare volunteers and traditional activists, particularly affects the younger generations.