Contenu du sommaire : Droits et développements

Law, Rights and Economics of Development: The Case of Food Connections between the Law, rights and development are complex and may call for different interpretations in a globalisation context. People's rights, or Human rights, which are subjective rights must be distinguished from objective rights, even if they are clearly interdependent and their compatibility is debated. An integral part of economic development is the earning of rights and the effectiveness of theses rights. There are, however, different understandings as to what constitutes rights and thus an intense debate over their universality. The present paper presents, in a general way, the connections between development, the rights of agents and the Law in the current context of globalisation. It also attempts to apply this analytical matrix to the Law and the rights for food.

State, Economic Actors and Rules
For half a century theories of development have veered between a blind confidence in the capacity of the state to hopes for something more dynamic arising from actors regulated by the market. But each one of these predominant currents has had its controversies. Neo-Keynesians have had to deal with transformation of Marxist analysis and the "Structuralists" widening of vision. Neo-Walrasians remain challenged by the refusal of the market system to enlarge or theories about imperfect markets.

Civil Society and Political Participation
The Case of Development Cooperation Civil society in its recent developments is a heterogeneous set of organizations, with an ill-defined political status. Whether one approaches the issue from the standpoint of political philosophy, or from the contingencies of international co-operation, no clear-cut answer can be given to the questions at hand: Who embodies civil society? Who can decide? Where does its legitimacy lie? How does it connect with political institutions? What can the role of Northern ONGs be in the South? The answer always sounds: "It depends": on the kind of organization, the field of intervention, circumstances, power relationships, even history. To make participative democracy fit with representative democracy does not question just civil society.

Health as a Human Right and International Cooperation : The Institutional Deficiencies In this article we discuss about the limits of the implementation of health as a human right on an international scale. We use a typology suggested by Kaul, Grunberg and Stern ( 2002) with an aim of understanding the current limits of the international cooperation in the supply of global public goods. We show that, in the case of health, these limits can be analysed as an institutional deficiency.

Poverty and Inequalities of Rights in Africa : A Gendered Perspective Based on a review of the legal standards which control the relations between sexes in different African countries, this article analyzes the processes through which discriminations against women affect their empowerment, their health and their safety, and compromise the development prospects. The evolution of the laws does not always guarantee the improvement of the situation of women, for instance in terms of access to land. Moreover, the weak legal socialization of women and the practices of forum shopping reinforce the coexistence of several normative orders which are unfavourable. In spite of the slowness of noted progress, customary law is weakened by the demographic trends which cross Africa.

Japanese Capitalism in Reconfiguration
In spite of many handicaps due to its "structural" crisis in the nineties (1993-2003), the Japanese capitalism continue to move towards its profound mutation. This text aims at describing some signs of its renewal, that is, emerging new actors and their new behaviours, new practices and new rule setting. This process of institutional creation occurs particularly in the following three fields: work and corporate governance reforms, research system and its regional integration in Asia.