Contenu du sommaire : Design & projet

Design is fundamentally linked to the project. But Design does not have a monopoly of the project. However, the goal of this paper is to show that there is a specificity of the concept of project in design and to propose a definition of it (section 1). Going back to the beginning of the project considered as methodical design at the Renaissance, we show that Design belongs to a projectual design logic rather than to a projective anticipation logic, although one may be inferred or induced in another. Then we argue that the project belongs to the design by essence and we propose five distinctive characteristics of the design culture considered on its own design and a definition of the project in design (section 3). In addition, we conclude with an examination of the recent contribution of IT to the theory and methodology of the project, particularly through the agile method, capable of inspiring designers.

Design approach neither relies on guides nor justifications, but builds itself on the way, as a personal poietics taking contingency into account throughout the project. Both an intellectual and sensitive process, it crosses thinking and doing, materializing the dual meaning of the word conception –knowledge and creation. Each project is a unified creation in which the designer embeds all dimensions of real-life experience. Thereby, the design process is by nature a matter of tactics more than strategy. Unlike any other organ of a company, it takes advantage of the unforeseen. It combines serendipity and predictability. A results-oriented culture benefits from its incentive to experiment. It is this posture of mediation that gives design its unique identity, adding a soul to a rational process of conception.

The purpose of the present work is neither to prove nor to question the chronological order «Project, drawing, design», where project and drawing have preceded design. In order to avoid the impact that the representation and concretization have on the relation between design and project, we would like to demonstrate that the design process is capable of initializing a process of ”individuation” in the project space in order to establish a new way of looking at the use-time of an object. Certainly, the design object exists only through the implementation of the project, but the latter must not restrict the first. Our purpose is, from this perspective, to go beyond the materiality of the object viewed as a concretisation of the project. We propose a model for the design project based on an awareness of the use time of an object. The key is to carefully adjust the doing and the thinking in order to minimize «the oppression of the present».

Excessive use of IT can transform architecture « image » value rather than value of « use ». The architecture at the crossroads of art, technology and society is seen as a creation of design. The use of new technologies has its place in a dialogue with the manual drawing and embodies the architectural. Thus, this article examines the project's ability to construct meaning in an environment where the tools tend to take precedence over concepts.

We propose to study the design space using the example of tow designer's approaches : that of a designer and an architect through their productions spaces of hotel rooms. They are respectively Matali Crasset a designer that recognizes oriented project and Zaha Hadid an architect recognized by her footprint through her architectural objects. The study is based on work done by Philippe Boudon rapprochement between architecturology and semiotics. We use architecturology to understand the cognitive mechanisms of the designed space's form, which in this case is a materialization of its operations and as such, it is a set of index signs of the designer's labor. Thus, using the semiotic approach, we will interpret the meaning of the production and describe the relationships between conceptual approaches and their results.

By orchestrating possible ways through ever-increasing data base, the phenomenon of curating raises problematics questions between project design. This paper presents a study of curatorial practice focused on temporary contemporary art exhibition Nouvelles vagues which is a display of twenty curatorial projects at the Palais de Tokyo. The aim of this analysis is to propose an approach to curating as a practical project which brings together actors, locations, intentions - that manifest it and whose design allows to understand the full extend of.

Considering a strategic point of view, the project/purpose becomes a prefiguration associating potentially rivals points of view. Visual data-storytelling allows us to observe this negotiation operated between four dimensions. In a genetic perspective, we shall study how data-visualization, in compliance with Bertin's graphics, can give way to data-design, integrating the beauty (esthetics) and the novelty (rhetoric), then to one data-storytelling, mobilizing narrative processing. The article will examine a representative case, that of Michael Paukner's work intitled “Dominated by sheep”. It refers to the ovine population in New Zealand and recounts the mythical superiority of sheep in that country.

The objective of this research paper is to “think together” the notions of project and design in order to show the power of communicability of an object-semiotic which finds its expression in and out of the text. The concept of wall newspaper, a form of mediation of the social field through the creation and the interface it builds between people (citizens) and their organisations (public sphere), is dissected in a surgical way. A sketch of organon shows the factivity power of the wall newspaper which combines efficiently a double functionality, both operative and communicative.

In design research there is an ongoing reflection about the role of designer, a technical intellectual whose broad and complex skills are required to improve the collective welfare. Currently the service design is an increasing sector in the area of health. This article concerns the service design dedicated to health in the context of Alzheimer's disease, a sector developed by different professional teams including semiotics which plays a key role in improving the quality of life both the patient and the care giver.

If we examine the corporate social responsibility concept, opposite ideas will be set in contradiction : contractual arrangements, institutional links and community relationships. The dialectic of these contradictory ideas reveal old historical and philosophical debatable issues, transcending the concept itself. This article aims to study the roots of corporate social responsibility, in order to a better understanding of this idea, its reasons and necessity, but also its risks of potential drifts

This article shows a philosophical thought on the concept of knowledge as it is deployed in the knowledge management writtings. The way the concept of knowledge is tackled is first highlighted. Of course, different approaches structure this field, but the naive look of the philosopher allows to catch a conceptual and epistemological unity that takes place in the following points : the trilogy data/information/knowledge, a dualist and linear reading of the history of thought, the challenging and the overtaking of this dualism by the resort of pragmatism. All these foundations will be discuted in the second part that evidences the philosophy of history of Knowledge Management. In a last phrase, we detect the presence of cybernetics in the Knowledge Management writtings, and propose, in a critical view, a new interpretation of this practice.

In this article, based on the experience of Boulevard connecté in Nice, we would like to look again at data concept and also those new socio technological devices which make use of it, their relationship with control which we believe to be inherent. By the unique usage of data filters, we will examine the consequences there are to analyse the operation of organisations and society. Smart cameras, equipped with detection algorithms, are known to be capable of identifying suspicious behaviour or the recognition of faces. We will question whether in doing it, the image coming from one of these cameras, does not change in nature and abandon its status as witness, opening the world to join it with that of the norm and discussion.

Communication sciences is a specific discipline based on the articulation of several other disciplines (psychology, sociology, computer sciences, management sciences etc.). This scientific wealth, put to the test by the ground, is relatively difficult for who wish to go up to the end of the aim research : to bring conclusions and to set implementation on this same ground. This paper tries to build a critical thinking on both epistemological and methodological points of view in order to take care about this essential dialectic that the researcher needs to use between realities of company and realities of research in communication.

If the reputation was considered as one of “Gold Research Priorities” of the Marketing Science Institute in 2002, it is necessary to recognize that the theme remains difficult because of a profusion of sensés awarded to the concept. Of multidisciplinary nature, the concept loses naturally in clarity. However, the detailed analysis of the literature allows to encircle common themes about the sens of concept allowing to propose a definition which could make the unanimity.

Journalists make use of a number of interpretive repertoires to describe their relationship to the PR industry. Among these, they tap into the institutional discourses of both their own field and that of their PR counterparts. In addition, they dip in and out of the deontological code of the journalistic profession. Finally, they exploit a repertoire that we refer to here as “realist discourse” - drawing on the latter to evoke and explain the nature of their exchanges with PR spokespersons and communication managers alike. Journalists can mobilize these various interpretive repertoires in a single sentence, which illustrates the contradictions that lie at the heart of the complex relationship with the PR industry. This is just one of many findings to emerge from interviews we conducted with thirteen journalists working the daily beat in Montreal. They are part of a first wave of interviewees participating in a large-scale research project investigating the connection between journalists and PR persons in the contemporary Quebecois media landscape.

This article aims to analyze the specific way to own a team sport values (ie rugby union) may be a relevant and illuminating character for other fields of human activity, it s ‘act of political or business life. It also seeks to show how these iconic values can be diverted and made to serve political objectives, entrepreneurial and managerial skills

This paper describes a research program within Information and Communication Sciences (ISC). This program is based on the understanding of online socialization processes. Particularely, it is focused on rationalization issues for communities forms and rules online. Since the end of the years 2000, this rationalization for online communities is also known as Community Management. We formulate the hypothesis that community management policies spread to whole human activities on the web 2.0, and that community management policies rule the new knowledge mediations.

This paper questions the discriminatory effect of spelling during a recruitment process through the reaction generated by reading the application documents. An experimental device in natural environment is implemented to compare contacts initiated by recruiters after receiving two applications for a job : one with perfect spelling, the other with faulty spelling. The author demonstrates that the spelling standards act as a selection criterion for hiring.