Contenu du sommaire

Henri Eckert : Emergence of workers with specialized school-leaving certificates (??? pro). « ??? pro » workers : between a change in status and reconstitution of the qualified-worker category. Between a change in status and the reconstitution of the qualified-worker category, what are the social stakes involved for bac pro workers who enter the job market, qualified in different industrial subjects with the new bac pro diploma ? Our study is based on two series of observations : the analysis of professional insertion using the results of two surveys carried out at the Céreq and the curriculum of the bac pro diploma. This leads us to discuss the relations between changes in the training system and evolution of production systems. There is a risk that the necessity - from a managerial point of view - to mobilize individual subjectivity in a firm undergoing modernization may conflict with the disillusionment of young bacheliers (school leavers with the bac pro) recruited for jobs which they originally hoped to avoid doing.

Philippe Robert, Renée Zauberman, Marie-Lys Pottier, Hugues Lagrange : To assess crime. Between police statistics and victim investigations (1985-1995). Assessing crime only by means of quantifying the activity of the public institutions in charge of repressing crime has for a long time meant that there must be implicit trust in their action matching security requirements. Turning to surveys, at least partially, as all comparable countries have done, progressively, over the last thirty years, shows there is an element of doubt in this match. The fact that INSEE has introduced a module on victim investigation in its survey (1996), on living conditions of households, creates the possibility, for the first time in France, to measure medium-term variation over a decade : comparing these results with those from the one and only national survey currently available (CESDIP, 1986) it can be seen to what extent aggression and attacks on personal effects differ, by both their impact and their aspect. It can also be assessed to what extent - this varies according to the type of victim - the official statistics report both evolution and magnitude. In addition to its lessons on method, this exercise alters or clarifies the debate on crime.

Jean Lojkine : Trade-union intervention in management : a shock between two cultures. The confrontation between trade-union culture and management culture has been part of the long history of the trade-union movement since its origins. At the same time the current economic crisis has brought about a new complex approach aimed at questioning the rationality of standards and criteria of management of some firms. Some participative observations carried out by trade unions have shown the difficult paths taken by some activists to « get out » of the world of work to approach the world of management. criteria of management of some firms. Some participative observations carried out by trade unions have shown the difficult paths taken by some activists to « get out » of the world of work to approach the world of management.

Carine Vassy : Working in a hospital in Europe. International comparisons on the sociology of organizations. Do the human relations in a hospital have national characteristics or are they similar from one country to another ? An analysis of work relations in six neurology services in Germany, France and Great Britain brought to light national particularities in one of the professional groups, namely the nursing staff, and in the relations between doctors and nursing staff. The national differences in the type of cooperation are a result of specific social divisions of work and work organization. To have a clear view of the social structure of these national characteristics, the author uses a theoretical framework combining strategic analysis of the organizations and macrosocial comparisons. Comparing the characteristics at international level would appear to be a way to have a closer look at some of the priorities of the sociology of organizations. Furthermore, analysing similarities which appear between groups of doctors leads us to wonder about the international dimension of hospital career culture.

Sylvie Octobre: Profession, professional segments and identity. Evolution of museum curators. The aim of this article is to build a comprehensive model of the conservation of French museums around three levels of analysis. Firstly, the analysis of the professionalization of this group : recruitment modifications and training methods and content have, since the middle of this century, placed this profession in a favourable position, making a museum curator a civil servant with a job monopoly, positioned at the head of museums, in possession of high-level scientific and technical skills. Secondly, the analysis of coalition between actors : the observation of a generation split or work specialization allows the reintroduction of diversity which had been worn away through professionalization, placing more importance in trajectory and negotiation. Finally, the dialogue between these two approaches indicates the structure of the identities in the professional segments of conservation by analysing the systems of value and identification.

Dominique Vinck : Intermediate objects in the scientific cooperation network. Contribution to include these objects in social dynamics. This article deals with the role of intermediate objects within coordinated human activity. The main question is to define what scientific cooperation networks are and what their active role is. The article indicates the presence of these objects and evaluates their importance. It wonders whether these objects can be reduced to sociological concepts (regulation, convention, meaning, organisation, power, etc.). It shows that the coordination within the networks cannot be reduced to such concepts and suggests treating them as mediators providing coordination modalities. The article uses results from a research study on scientific cooperation networks as part of the European research and development programme in medical sciences and public health. In this case, it is a question of examining the position and role of intermediate objects in the development and dynamics of these networks.