Contenu du sommaire : Butor-Rousseau, Péguy, Presse du Zaïre, "la nouvelle droite", vocabulaires, communiste et socialiste, coocurrences ?

J.-J. ROUSSEAU AND M. BUTOR : LESSONS IN SIMILARITY M.L. compares two corpora from the same literary genre, the open letter, both real and fictitious, with a comparable content : retrospective summaries of the political history immediately preceding the act of writing. The texts are taken from J.-J. Rousseau, Lettres écrites de la montagne (7th, 8th and 9th letter, 1764) and from M. Butor, « Chers amis », an article which appeared in the Quinzaine littéraire, 16th apríl 1979. M.L. concentrates on the comparative study of the metaphorical networks around sickness, sleep and holidays in relation to the semantic networks of change and resistance. On the basis of M.B. 's suggestion in the previous interview, M.L. analyses the strategic points of the texts studied : titles, genres or sub-genres used, beginnings and ends of letters. He notes a similarity in the usage of the biological metaphor applied to politics. In M.L.'s view, the idea common to both J.J. Rousseau and M. Butor — that society based on property is a sick society and the remedy lies in resisting this evil while waiting for this evil to right itself — gives rise to a shared vocabulary and shared metaphors. They differ, however, in their different strategies of resistance and possible remedies.

PEGUY'S CONCEPT OF SOCIALIST UTOPIA. LEXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF CITÉ AND CITOYEN The last decade of the nineteenth century is marked by an intense interest in socialist Utopias. G. L. has selected two texts of the young Peguy : De la cité socialiste (CS, august 1897) and Marcel, Premier dialogue de la cité harmonieuse (CH, june 1898). Through the study of the vocabulary, he examines the way in which cité and citoyen fit into Peguy's concept of socialist Utopia. The analysis of specificities stikingly demonstrates the contrast between the two texts on six axes : temporal indications, evaluation, possibility of negations, the absence of technical vocabulary, the spiritual tone of an « axiology without axiometry », CH appears to be a « maximum Utopia » of Kantian type, in which the only rule is the harmony of wills. It is, among Peguy's works, a text which is marginal and without antecedent.

POLITICAL VOCABULARY OF CONTEMPORARY ZAIREAN PRESS (1959-1965) The period 1959-1965 bore witness to many events (indépendance and struggle for power) whose coverage in Zairean press form the corpus of this study. The socio-political terminology is that of French, the official language of the country, but its use presents some particular features. Politique and colonialisme have negative connotation and contrast with the strongly positive connotation of indépendance. Imagery is abound on three registers : médecine, zoology and particularly religion. Political speech is marked by a stereotyped and moralising character, a polemical manichean tone, and a constant usage of rhetoric effects. Thus the Zairean political language presents many original features : re-coining of French terms with a particular colouring, creation of neologisms, and a diversity of imagery and symbolism, in a linguistic (multiplicity of languages) and historic (structure of Zairean society) framework which remains to be studied.

FASCISM IN THE TEXTS OF THE « NOUVELLE DROITE » In order to characterise the significant practices of the Nouvelle droite (ND), G.S. firstly examines its relation to fascism. She then endeavours to determine the mechanisms, of a linguistic or non-linguistic nature, which make the ND discourse " acceptable " and which invest it with a certain " authority ". To do this she firstly relates the semantics of the situation and the semantics of the text, using Halliday's three component model (ideational, interpersonal, and textual). She then analyses, in an article of Elements, the actors, the enunciative facts, and the semio- logical classes ; this text appears as a polemical speech which, taking the linguistic features of an " explicative " one, endows itself the means to be " authoritative ". By gathering certain themes of the left such as the " right to be different ", the ND makes a contribution to the initiation and acceptability of speech aiming to re-write recent history.

COMMUNIST VOCABULARY (1 932/ 1946) : DESCRIPTION OF AN EVOLUTION The corpus being studied is a sample collection of editorials selected from the Cahiers du bolchevisme (later communisme) constituting three subsets. Each of these is considered as a homogeneous and representative cross- section of the Communist speech, synchronie unity being provided by the Party congress (march 1932, January 1936, june 1945). A study of the three index headings enables obvious differences to be revealed : the fact that there exists an invariant central cell cannot mask the importance of lexical change, revealed by the vocabulary present in only one or two subsets. Thus a " circulation schema " of the lexical forms takes shape. By extending this study to cover all the vocabulary, thanks to specificities analysis, it is possible to define the schema more clearly and to ask in straightforward terms the question : is Communist speech characterised by a lexical " inertia ", or by a constant and rapid change ? In other words, what is the relative weight given to the three categories already defined : specific, common and central vocabulary ? The answer can only be drafted by returning to the forms to appreciate the evolution of lexical usage. It is then possible to group the forms into families (identical or similar profiles). A history of the vocabulary is thus made possible.

SPECIFIC VOCABULARY OF THE MOTIONS OF MITTERRAND, ROCARD AND THE CERES AT THE METZ CONGRESS (1979) On the basis of a lexicometric analysis of the specific vocabulary of the seven motions tabled at the Metz Congress, S.B. presents the tables of specificities (positive and negative) of motions A (Mitterrand), С (Rocard) and E (CERES). Motion A shows a predilection for electoral and institutional vocabulary in which the lexicon of need and struggles is poorly represented. Motion С is characterized by a rhetoric of preference and evidence in which political vocabulary is under represented at the cost of the social. Motion E differs from the two previous motions in that it shows a marked presence of ideological vocabulary, a clear designation of the social and political protagonists, and priority is given to the national theme in preference to the European theme. To conclude, S.B. proposes three tables which synthesize the differences and oppositions between the three texts in relation to the designation of the left wing parties and the social actors.

LEXICOMETRICS AND COOCCURRENCE SEARCHES In this article, P.L. seeks to identify the fairly close relations within a text string. The material criterion used to study these relations is the cooccurrence, that is, an observation of recurrent proximity between the same text- form. P.L. examines three possible methods which would enable us to measure the phenomenon of cooccurrence and hence proceed to the automatic selection of the most closely related forms. In order to identify cooccurrence, the idea of a pole on which the first method is based is seen in a critical perspective and is replaced in the two other methods by the notion of pair and couple. On the basis of some experiments carried out on a text, P.L. suggests, however, that the second method is not entirely appropriate to analyse the problem in hand. The third method based on the measure of the number of couples and pairs found in the same sentence is satisfactory. This last method has been described in entirety and tested on the general resolution of the CGT congress in 1975.