Contenu du sommaire : Les formations à la communication

The teaching of information and communication sciences has become fully established in the French university system, and this is not just a short-term phenomenon. An interdisciplinary approach is essential for the teaching of information and communication sciences. It should therefore be exploited to a greater extent, in order to create an epistemological base and to encourage the creation and development of academic structures. The changes that are occurring today affect working conditions and require new methods, based more on skills and relevant work experience, than on diplomas alone. Lastly, it would be worthwhile for those who teach information and communication sciences to explore the means of creating consultancies.

While becoming perennial, communication-dedicated tasks become more diverse and complex. In order to have a clear overview of the trades (about 15 of them), a grid featuring the basic functions (139) and the most relevant tasks (32) must be implemented beforehand. Using modelling which combines them dynamically, it becomes possible to sort out and highlight the various profiles, skill levels, hence contributing to a prospective consideration on communication trades.

The DESS in International Communication Strategies, which has existed at the University of Burgundy since 1993, is constructed around a partnership between the university and local business, exploiting their respective domains of experience to develop the next generation of Communication Directors. Before proceeding to a practical training, students are familiarized with the principles and theoretical background to the subject which lead to the construction of a broader understanding and competence in communication. The theoretical and professional approaches work from the basis not of procedure, but of the complex processes underlying communications strategies, both inter-culturally and internationally.

The author takes an interest in differents senses and uses of « information » and « communication » words. Considering that information and communication are two subjects teached at french school, he describes and explains the most current knowledges in two higher education's graduates. In the first place, the article purposes a synthesis of university syllabuses. Secondly, the author compares a syllabus to a product of communication and he raises the question of reception by students, which want to study information's and communication's sciences. Lastly, he wonders about professional opportunities after education's time.

While science is doubt and controversy, scientific discourse assume a feature of authority. More, usual assimilation of sciences to progress is still in order in our society. Compared with difficulties and failure of usual scientific popularization, challenge of science communication is important. Indeed, it's conditioning possibility and quality of democratic debate, as soon we're talking about evaluation of scientific or technological choices concerning citizens. A survey of science communication courses will allow to estimate how mediators are trained to do their work.

The importance of sciences of information and communication is now mainly recognized and that field is taught in several training courses at the university. From january to june 1998, the author lead a study upon communication's education for non-specialists. There is the subject.

If the metaphor of training of a communicational habitus allowed to focus the variety of course of communication at the I.R.T., its huge temporality corresponds to the reality of short training courses. But it could attempted through unional specificity of these training courses and through the deep sociability which caracterized them as well as the process of empathie figuration. Affiliation concept and order of interaction achieve to describe the symbolic operation of a group and the authorization's pro-gress which follows. That is the integration of the authorization's feeling which is built beyond the previous habitus leeds the training courses to a ritual.

Employment interview is an empirical technique, which formal components are still wrong defined. Its conversational, inferential and inductive aspects have been rarely analyzed. At first, it is suggested that paralinguistic cues characterizing applicant, lead to impression formation. Such représentations are not homogen and may differ from competence cues observed in the field. It is suggested that employment interview is a circular and very interactive process, wherein recruiteris nonverbal attitudes and prejudices may explain applicantis behaviour and his interactional involvement.

To insure its own existence, the European Union must endeavour to promote the union of territory which is intimately linked with the notion of identity. Close-range communication, orchestrated by the institution itself is the only tape of communication able to integrate the corporate communication federating elements while convincing the citizens that the whole process is aimed at them and at their expectations, in as much as it purtains to their daily life and helps them to reframe their own situation.

The metaphor of war orients the actions of experts in business communications. In this sense, communications is connected to strategy. It is a tool for beating the competition, for making the company know in the symbolic sphere and for cashing in on the image-capital of the enterprise. Geared only toward the images it creates, the communicator leaves behind « the ordinary facts of communication », where individual agents interact. Current views in the field invite us to free communications from its utilitarian image and to see it as a « construct » resulting from the action of people working togheter to create the common world in which we live.

The intelligence cycle, recently appropriated by French economic intelligence specialists, was first developed by C.I.A. analysts half a century ago, to build their own basis of influence. Over the last twenty-five years, various voices have challenged the value of this instrument and forced the U.S. intelligence community to alter its own view of intelligence-policy relationships. Yet, although periodic flurries of criticism lead to occasional reformulations, the model remains widely used.

The term « project » seems to be more and more appreciated but it includes various, albeit contradictory, aspects : this article tries and identifies them. The first paradox is that the word project is used so often in a society which sees itself as being in a state of crisis and which tends to withdraw into its history or to turn in on itself in the present, while sometimes rediscovering and attitude similar to ancient stoicism. After having first recalled a few fundamentals of a project-oriented approach, fundamentals which bring about a permanent tension between the implementation of the process and the results being aimed at, six present practices or possible consequences are considered : big and micro projects, the prerequisite to financing, the motivation tool, flexibility, multiple employers and the new way of dividing up work. Last, the spin-offs which can be glimpsed at are the sign of a growing awareness of individual responsability and of a deregulation which can lead to either drifting or redefining the notion of work itself.

To value professional abilities, it seems essential to point up individual's abilities to implement decisions in order to anticipate their behaviours in concrete situations. This study consists of an experimental research into usual decision making process. We set out a methodology in order to clarify the structure of those process, especially implicit one's. This method leads to account for specific elements at each stage of usual decision making process. Like that, we are induced to point up norms, adjusted to individual's level of ability, and in the same way to various types of foreseen decisions.

Numerous interventions meant to insert Africa into the global NTIC world tend to present them as a panacea for all its difficulties. This approach is analyzed as a new manifestation of the communication Utopia. The recorded « phenomenal growth » of equipments finally amounts to little absolute quantities. Economy, politics and cultural fields are considered in a critical point of view : will they really benefit from this insertion ?

This paper presents some of the first results of a symposium held in Bordeaux, on 27 th March 1998 by the S.F.S.I.C. (the French Society for Information and Communication Studies). The topic was a better knowledge of the professional training studies organized by French universities, institutes and specialized schools.

Journals have a central place in investigation process because they give a scientific legitimacy and are one of the main means of updating knowledge on a given subject. PhD students – like all researchers – are confronted to the profusion of information sources. Writing a PhD dissertation however involves for the students proving that they have been able to incorporate knowledge built up by their seniors. How do they retrieval information ? (prefered sources and journals, evoluing uses over the last ten years). This paper answers these questions by analyzing citations to journals in PhD dissertation bibiographics.