Contenu du sommaire : TIC et organisations

Facing the glass ceiling. At the time where equality programs are spreading in France, this article offers a broader frame of analysis by using organizational change theories. It focuses on the case of a major consulting firm renowned for its policy in favour of women managers'development. Resistances encountered by this policy, as well as the champions'persuasion strategies are described.

Evaluating ICT “value in use”. A set of indicators. Various evaluation methods are offered by IS researchers, adopting either a causalist or a processual perspective. Some are focused on strategic addedvalues, whereas others suggest a more operational stance. From a strategic point of view, it seems that there are no systematic techniques to appraise technology “value in use”. This article proposes several indicators to evaluate this intangible value.

Cognitive approach of universities-enterprises partnership(s). An interrogation stays of current events as for the extension of the missions of the university of which her participation in the economic growth. The question raised in the study led within several laboratories of the University Louis Pasteur is relative to the effect of the development of the private financing of the research on the activities of creation and of distribution of knowledge at the level of research teams in “hard sciences”. The concepts of epistemic communities and cognitive platform are used to reach this objective.

The upset organization. This article exposes the outline of an organizational nosography. Three types of major irrational decisions are distinguished. In the literature, two of them have been specified. The launching decision directly accountable for the destruction of the Challenger shuttle allow to identify a third type. This last one is more modern. The clinical analysis of this decision highlights a way of preventing disasters that are generated by this last type of decision. More generally, in order to identify detrimental drifts and sudden blunders a primary theorisation of organizational symptoms is introduced.

A fresh look at Bowman's paradox. This article examines the risk-return relationship from a sample of 34 firms listed on the CAC 40 stock market index over the period 1993-2002. Two distinct risk measures are used: ordinal strategic risk and the conventional variance of returns. The total sample is then divided into two sub-samples employing the median performance criterion. The aim is to evaluate reality of Bowman's paradox and validity of arguments derived from prospect theory used to explain it. The results suggest reconsidering the traditional approach of Bowman's paradox.

Old and new economy. Towards a successful symbiosis?. This paper gives the bottom line of the development of e-commerce, ten years after the take off of Internet. Surprising conclusions emerge, due to the peculiarities of selling on the Internet: excess and uncertain quality of information, role of logistics, breadth of the catalog but short list of products delivered at fair conditions. Companies which have succeeded, have set up innovative marketing mix and supply chain management, which meet these challenges. Companies from the “old” economy on the other hand, have also learned the lessons from e-commerce, and cross over experiences are now blossoming. While becoming more and more familiar, e-commerce is deeply transforming commerce in general.

Prescription and interactivity in online shoppping. Thanks to experiments concerning shopping for wine over the Internet, the author analyses the consequences of prescription on online buying-and-selling relationships. The structuring of shopping decision processes, considered as the basis of a new form of interactivity, is detailed. Various forms of consumerknowledge acquisitions and online learning are also studied.

To insert the web site in the strategies. Concept and mode. Some firm's observations lead the authors to formulate a new conceptual frame to analyse how firms can shape their strategy and their marketing analysis according to the implementation of a web site. From there, they propose a model which helps managers to understand how deep the integration goes.

ICT and competitive game. The case of the electronic marketplaces. The electronic marketplaces, as an interorganizational entity, is not limited to a transactional dimension. Indeed, those companies that survived the initial consolidation have increasingly expanded their functions and contribute to a new competition dynamic. This new competitiveness has set off the reconfiguration of connections between companies through the formation of networks which are flexible and better adapted to the evolution of increasingly complex competition.

Purchasing and supplying. The perceived value of electronic marketplaces tools. The emergence of Electronic Market Places (EMP) has often been associated with the idea of a new organization of market exchanges. The failure of some EMPs questions theorists and practitioners about the value users perceive regarding the main tools offered by EMPs. The qualitative study realized in purchasing, supplying and information systems departments in the main actors of the French generalist retailing system empirically validate our approach.