Contenu du sommaire : Information scientifique et diffusion des savoirs : entre fragmentations et intermédiaires

This article takes as investigation a field of interdisciplinary and collaborative research emerging in the health researches in France : the Population Health Intervention Research (RISP in french). This contribution proposes to consider the various forms of commitment in the production of this type of knowledge. We identify four figures of commitment (show, test, persevere and freeze) which account for more or less maximalist modes of coordination between the actors of this research, in connection with different conceptions and practices of the diffusion and circulation of knowledge. The survey is based on three main types of data : ethnographic observations of RISP as well as congresses and expert group meetings producing reflections on this type of research, analysis of written material (articles, reports, letters of reference) on RISP, and interviews (12) with leading experts in the field.

The paper presents the early findings from the first two years of the Harbingers research project, a 3-year-long study of early career researchers (ECRs), the new wave of researchers, which sought to ascertain their current and changing habits with regard to scholarly communications. The study recruited a convenience sample of 116 researchers from seven countries (China, France, Malaysia, Poland, Spain, UK and US) who were subject to repeat, in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted face-to-face or remotely (via Skype). A major focus of the study was to determine whether ECRs are taking the myriad opportunities proffered by digital innovations, developing within the context Open Science, Open Access and social media to disseminate their research. The paper provides the highlights of the first-year benchmarking exercise and then investigates the strategic changes one year on.

According to a recent study, almost half of the articles published by French researchers are disseminated in open access, deposited in open archives, as HAL, or via open access journals, without paid subscription. In this dynamic environment, higher education and research evaluation agencies have a role to play, through their assessment criteria and tools. Depending on their approach and methodology, these institutions can create opportunities for the development of open access, by encouraging the sharing of research results, or slow down the process by maintaining the usual criteria, including the bibliometric evaluation based on the ranking of publications. Our study proposes an analysis of the information and communication sciences in France, from the updated list of A-rated journals published at the end of 2017 and under the aspect of open access. The approach is exploratory. We try to assess our own standards and practices as a research community in relation to the new research policy in favor of open access and open science. 38% of the A-rated journals in our field are in open access. But these journals represent only 4% of all open access journals in the field of information and communication sciences.

We propose here to observe the uses and non-use of the software offer for writing, reading, preservation of data, references, quotes and their processing. We establish the link between this range of tools, services, platforms, with the actors responsible for this offer : start-ups from research projects, publishers and media groups. We complete with an exploration of services and software creations related to the web of data and the semantic editorialisation of the articles.

This study analyzes the legitimation strategies displayed by YouTubers of the 10 most popular science channels regarding YouTube Brazil. Using Discourse Analysis from a French perspective, it unfolds the ethos of the YouTuber, the preferred discursive scenographies, and kinds of contents and discursive approaches of these channels. The results show the predominant presence of didactic scenography, followed by commentary, scientist-in-action, and journalist scenographies. They unfold themselves in monologue, questions and answers, live experiments, whiteboard videos and short documentary subgenres. The discursive ethos presents the YouTuber as an informed person who has knowledge on science subjects, teaching them to his audience or commenting on a certain theme or topic. Legitimation strategies come from personal experiences and rarely from a scientist's identity, despite the YouTuber may use scientific authority in some cases. The use of humor in enunciations and video editing, the reference to pop culture, and the use of an informal language, show the tendency that these channels have in presenting scientific themes in a soft and interesting way.

Associations for the support and protection of trans people started to campaign about thirty years ago for a new conception of institutional health care regarding the gender transition process, demanding a stronger power of decision and more freedom of choice for patients ; in the French public health system, this process is managed by transdisciplinary medical teams that have been accused of imposing unnecessary strict procedures and a binary view on gender and sexuality issues. Using the concept of “epistemic community”, this article analyses online communication strategies developed by trans communities, who, reacting to opaque institutions and thanks to the building of lay expertise, are offering a reappropriation and a redistribution of health knowledge through production, publication and diffusion of scientific information on the internet.

Combining two qualitative and quantitative approaches, based on discourses and practices of the authors of "Hypotheses.org" research notebooks about publication and quotation, we show that blog posts are not written to replace the classical scientific articles. Nine distinct logics seem to describe the investment of each bloggers in their blogs : logic “set up”, , “linking”,”idea sharing”, ‘publication, edition, information', ‘pedagogy and science popularization', ‘valorization and self editorialization' Writing on a research blog appears as a straighforward communication practice about the research activity, with far from marginal effects. These effects can not be simply quantified, as ones produced by science popularization about the researcher. They do not express in terms of direct feedback, easily grasped. It is necessary to measure their marks and data, to analyze speeches and contexts of the appropriation of research blogging.

In charge of a map library, we developed a documentographic method to reveal the many informative values contained in the map by placing us on the Information and Communication Sciences side. One of the objectives of its application is the implementation of info-communicationals devices in the university library to stimulate new uses, other than geographical, for sleepingly cartographic documents, identified in 2015 in the patrimonials collections of the Federal University of Toulouse. Our aim is to show how, based on this method, university librarians, traditional documentary mediators, can propose to their specific users new ways of appropriating the information contained in a document, by reactivating its intentional values, or by activating historical, patrimonial, educational and artistic values, thus responding differently to informational learning needs.

New-born teachers entering the profession are part of the generation called "digital natives", supposed to be more comfortable in digital uses. They are users of digital tools in their personal context and have for mission to educate students in digital uses. At the same time, discourses about digital risks have developed this recent years and are likely to influence teachers' practices. As part of a project supported by the Maif Foundation, we sought to understand the representations of digital risks among these new teachers. Our goal is to identify the conditions likely to evolve the representations of risks towards a critical digital education dynamic. The results show that these representations can indeed constitute levers, under certain conditions.

First of all, we question the social role that booktubers play. Are they educators, prescripters? Standards creators? Advertisers? To better understand the different roles of booktubers, we examine their interactions with their audience, especially the comments about the broadcast of online videos. What kind of communication contract is set up between the booktuber and the subscribers? What are the users of these sites looking for? In a second time, we summarize the experiences of teachers who have already integrated booktubing in class. We will question these methods of educational integration and the possible contributions of booktubing for the learning of students.

As a tool of scientific categorization of the behavior of the cultural consumer, the term of « industrie culturelle » is responsible, in France, for an asymmetrical perception of the consumers and of the things consumed. It generates and justifies the contrast between two types of cultural qualification of one's aesthetic conduct, whether considered inside or outside the sphere of the « industrie culturelle ». Inside, if its standardization disqualifies mass entertainment, it offers a means of valuation of the consumer able to tame it according to his/her personal desires and aspirations. Outside, the singularity of the artwork qualifies its consumer, but disqualifies him/her as a subject of the cultural institutions. Adopting an anthropological point of view, and taking in account the common experience of cultural consumption—the way the consumers test by themselves, through a case-by-case assessment, the action of the objects they deal with—, leads to a quite different understanding of their aesthetic conduct. It immediately forbids us to consider « art » and « industry » as two opposite types of cultural objects, and « amateurs » and « consumers » as two opposite types of aesthetic conduct, given once and for all, without paying any attention to the way the people concerned assess the reality of the situations and the artistic quality of the objects that composed their leisure. The aim of this article is to implement a different definition— regarding its understanding as well as its extension—of the cultural industry as currently used, under the term « industrie culturelle », in French surveys about cultural consumption, artistic discourses and current conversations between amateurs. The intellectual stake is to shape a tool of description able to capture and restitute the dynamics of the global process of industrialization that impact, without exception, every artistic activity, legitimate or not, and to give an account of the various forms of individual and collective investments that inform this process.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are an integral part of the daily lives of young adults and particularly of university students who use them widely for their studies. In France, almost all 15-30-year-olds are Internet users and half of them have used the Internet at least once in the last twelve months to seek information or advice on general health. However, a few studies have described students' motivations, skills and usage of the Internet concerning specifically mental health information. Thus, the objective of this article was to examine how students access, understand, evaluate and apply mental health information through ICTs. In the context of the digital literacy in mental health, we conducted a qualitative exploratory research study with students at the University of Bordeaux during the 2017/2018 academic year. The analysis of 21 semi-directive interviews revealed that students do not really know how to navigate the Internet for online mental health information. Although accustomed to new technologies, they are very suspicious of the quality of information found on the Internet and think that official health websites are too complex. With the ultimate goal of improving students' psychological well-being, it is therefore necessary to develop their digital mental health literacy by offering quality digital training and tools on their university campuses.

Emotions, long removed from the reflection on organizations dominated by the models of the rationality of the action, are at the origin of a renewal of the questionings. The research presented is part of an interdisciplinary program, Polisoma, which aims to illuminate the links between emotions, communications and actions in a pragmatic and interactionist perspective enriched by the contributions of psychology. From 62 professional situations, described by the health managers in two focus groups, during which strong emotions were felt and expressed, the research shows the importance of the emotional and communication work mobilized by the managers to solve problems at work.

How do we become a student ? What information culture is expected, tested, and projected by those who engage in higher education ? How does the student become, through a complex weaving of sociabilities, socializing spaces and affiliation resources, does the student become ? Inscribed in a social and temporalist approach of the information practices, the present survey analyzes the place of the information activity in the student work, as perceived and apprehnded by the students met. It highligts the ways in wich repertoires of information practicies can be enriched by efforts to affiliate with a reference information word, and the role of devices and mediators in this process.

This paper focuses on the epistemological reflections carried out in Latin America on communication. It highlights some similarities with Information and Communication Sciences in France. On both sides of the Atlantic, the first studies on communication and mass media are strongly influenced by European critical approaches that view communication as a tool for social change. In Latin America, the colonial past and the political context in the 1960s reinforced these social transformations. They also inspires claims of intellectual independence. However, as discussed in the paper, the fragmentation of the communication field and media analysis could interfere with communication research as a tool for social transformations.

Our study is part of the research in information sciences and communication. It discusses the uses of digital social networks (RSN) in Tunisia and helps to understand the social, cultural and identity dynamics of our audience in the era of widespread digitization of society. By focusing on an approach to the sociology of uses, we focused on new digital youth practices by asking whether or not the RSNs favor the emergence of a new media space that could itself facilitate the evolution of social relations in society in a traditional Tunisian society?